There are many causes of infertility. In addition to reproductive, endocrine abnormalities and reproductive organ abnormalities, some systemic diseases can also cause infertility. The most common ones are endocrine and metabolic diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, adrenocortical dysfunction, diabetes and obesity.
(1) Obesity: Obesity refers to the imbalance between energy intake and consumption. Excess energy accumulates in the form of fat in the body, causing weight gain. The weight exceeds 20% of the ideal body weight or a body mass index greater than 26. With the improvement of modern production levels and people\’s living standards, especially in developed countries, the incidence of obesity is increasing and is closely related to diabetes, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The onset of other diseases is closely related. Obesity can also lead to abnormal ovarian function, uterine dysplasia, infertility, abnormal sexual function, and gynecological diseases such as vulva and vaginitis. It has been confirmed that the incidence of infertility in obese patients is significantly higher than that in people of normal weight.
(2) Thyroid dysfunction: Can cause estrogen metabolism disorder, abnormal secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, often manifested as obvious ovarian insufficiency and rarely pregnancy . At present, there is not enough understanding of the pathological mechanism of infertility caused by thyroid dysfunction, which may be related to the following factors: ①Abnormal ovarian function. Clinical studies have shown that patients with hypothyroidism secrete gonadotropin in a pulsatile manner, but the baseline level is higher than that of normal patients, thus affecting ovulation. Although some patients have normal estrogen levels and have normal or nearly normal menstrual cycles, they are still infertile. This may be due to reduced pituitary gonadotropin efficacy or anti-ovarian effects, which may also cause anovulation. ②Abnormal autoimmune function. Among patients with thyroid dysfunction and infertility, a higher proportion of those with positive thyroid antibodies indicates that this type of infertility may be related to abnormal autoimmune function. ③ Metabolic abnormalities. Patients with hypothyroidism often lead to obesity due to low metabolic function, thus increasing the incidence of infertility. ④ Affects uterine development. Animal experiments have studied the uterine structure of rats with hypothyroidism and found that the endometrium is reduced, the myometrium is thinned, and the uterine horn volume is reduced.
(3) Diabetes: It can cause metabolic dysfunction of various substances in the body such as sugar, fat and protein. Patients are often accompanied by infertility and menstrual disorders, or occur after pregnancy. Stillbirth, premature birth, or fetal macrosomia. The cause of infertility caused by diabetes is still unclear.It may be related to the following factors: ①Autoimmunity. Anti-insulin antibodies can be detected in the plasma of some patients with diabetes and infertility, and ovarian antibodies can also be detected in some cases. ② Obesity. Some diabetic patients become obese due to metabolic disorders, and obesity is one of the causes of infertility.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading and is excerpted from \”The Clear \”Conception\” Plan\” Author: Sun Jianqiu and Xie Yingbiao