Recently, my mother discovered that Xiaohui’s eyes were swollen. At first, she thought it was a lack of sleep. Later, my feet became very swollen, and the skin would dent when I pressed it, unable to bounce back quickly, and I also felt dizzy. Take him to the hospital quickly. After detailed examination, the doctor informed Xiaohui that she was diagnosed with \”nephrotic syndrome.\” With regular medication, Xiaohui\’s symptoms were quickly relieved.
Nephrotic syndrome refers to a group of medical syndromes caused by various diseases, which mainly include glomerular lesions such as increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane and decreased glomerular filtration rate. This is a common disease in children. Kidney disease is more common in school-age children, especially in the peak period of 3-5 years old. However, its pathogenesis is still unclear, and it is believed that it may be related to immune function.
Clinically, nephrotic syndrome mainly manifests as massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and significant edema. If detected early, diagnosed promptly, and intervened promptly, the prognosis is generally good. However, if not treated in time, the course of the disease may be prolonged, recurrences may occur, and infections such as upper respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection may be combined, resulting in electrolyte imbalance and hypovolemia. Complications such as sexual shock, deep vein thrombosis, and even acute renal failure. It is the primary cause of renal failure in children, but its onset is insidious and often has no obvious cause. Moreover, the kidneys are innervated by splanchnic nerves and are not sensitive to pain, and they feel normal even after damage. So, how can parents detect some clues of nephrotic syndrome in their children as early as possible?
edema
Edema is the easiest thing for parents to detect. Mainly because after kidney damage, the kidneys cannot eliminate excess water in the body and body fluids remain in the tissue spaces. It often manifests as eyelid or facial edema after waking up in the morning, and then gradually spreads to the whole body. Once pressed, it dents and doesn\’t pop back up quickly. In severe cases, ascites or pleural effusion may even occur. In the presence of fluid accumulation, obvious symptoms such as difficulty breathing and being unable to lie down are likely to occur.
Abnormal urine
The basic function of the kidneys is to produce urine, so kidney damage can often be seen in the urine. When nephrotic syndrome occurs, more protein is excreted in the urine. At this time, a large amount of foam can be found in the urine, which does not dissipate for a long time. When the urine output decreases and the urine color becomes darker, you must be highly vigilant.
Poor complexion and fatigue
When the detoxification pressure of the kidneys is overloaded and urea toxins accumulate, children will suffer from poor complexion, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Therefore, if you find that your child has these conditions, you must be alert to whether it is caused by kidney disease after ruling out insufficient rest.
Once nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed, parents need to pay attention to:
First of all, it is very important to receive reasonable and standardized treatment. Some parents are lucky when they hear that nephrotic syndrome can heal on its own, hoping that their child will die and heal on his own, and then come to the hospital for treatment when it is really bad, or just take traditional Chinese medicine and be cured by then. start. Delay in treatment. There are also some parentsFear of hormone side effects. After using hormones for a period of time, my urine routine turned negative. I thought I was cured and refused to continue using hormones. But in fact, most kidney diseases require standardized and reasonable treatment to be cured.
Currently, the most basic treatment for primary nephrotic syndrome is hormonal therapy. At the same time, attention should be paid to giving appropriate amounts of calcium and vitamin D to prevent symptoms such as osteoporosis after using hormones. For some children with hormone dependence (even if they relapse after using hormones) or hormone resistance (even if they have no effect at all after using hormones), some immunosuppressants can also be used in combination with hormone therapy. However, in the clinical process, many parents reduce the dosage or stop taking the medication without authorization because they are worried about the side effects of hormones on their children. This is very unscientific. If nephrotic syndrome does not receive standardized treatment, it can easily lead to recurrence of the condition, which will ultimately lead to longer use of hormones for treatment.
The second is to pay attention to diet and rest. For children with nephrotic syndrome, during the stage of obvious edema and oliguria, attention should be paid to strictly controlling sodium intake in the short term, otherwise it will further cause water and sodium retention and aggravate kidney damage. Continue to limit salt, but focus on a low-salt, high-quality protein diet. In addition, patients with nephrotic syndrome generally have low plasma protein levels due to a large amount of protein leakage from the body, and should appropriately supplement a certain amount of protein. It is recommended to use animal proteins with high biological value such as milk, fish, eggs, poultry, and beef. But you should also pay attention to how much is enough, because if the disease is not under control, excessive high-protein supplementation will increase the amount and speed of \”leakage\”. FOOD.
Third, preventing infection is also important. Due to the low immune function of children and the immunosuppressive effects of long-term use of hormones, children are often more prone to various infections such as respiratory tract and urinary tract. If there are any signs, please inform your doctor promptly. At the same time, pay attention to keeping children clean and hygienic, changing clothes frequently, keeping indoor ventilation, keeping warm during flu season, and trying to avoid going to crowded places.
Fourth, because nephrotic syndrome has a long course and is easy to relapse, many children often feel irritable, sad, uncooperative and other emotions during the treatment process, which is not conducive to treatment and prognosis. Therefore, parents should provide psychological counseling for their children and enhance their willpower and self-confidence.
Fifth, appropriate exercise, such as swimming, can be performed in the non-acute phase.