1. Pre-pregnancy check-up
Before pregnancy, women should undergo a series of examinations to ensure their health and prepare for future pregnancies. These inspections include, but are not limited to, the following:
1. Physical examination: including measurement of height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate and other indicators, as well as examination of various organs.
2. Gynecological examination: including cervical smear, cervical inflammation, vaginitis and other common gynecological diseases screening.
3. Breast examination: The breast is one of the parts of women most prone to problems. Regular breast self-examination and breast examination by a professional doctor should be performed.
4. Genetic disease screening: If there are hereditary diseases in the family, genetic counseling and genetic disease screening are required.
5. Immunization: If you have not been vaccinated against rubella and chickenpox, you need to be vaccinated in advance.
2. Early pregnancy examination
After pregnancy, women need regular prenatal check-ups to ensure the health of the fetus and mother. Prenatal examination in the first trimester (within 12 weeks of pregnancy) mainly includes the following items:
1. Routine blood examination: including examination of hemoglobin, white blood cell count, platelet count and other indicators.
2. Routine urine examination: Check whether there are abnormal substances such as protein and sugar in the urine.
3. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test: If pregnant women are infected with hepatitis B virus, it will have serious effects on the fetus, so hepatitis B screening is required.
4. HIV antibody test: If a pregnant woman is infected with HIV, it will cause great harm to the fetus, so HIV screening is required.
5. Ultrasound examination: You can observe the fetal development and fetal heart rate and other indicators.
3. Second trimester examination
Prenatal examination in the second trimester (13-28 weeks of pregnancy) is mainly to monitor the development of the fetus and the changes in the mother\’s body. Specifically include the following items:
1. Blood pressure monitoring: High blood pressure is prone to occur after pregnancy and requires regular monitoring.
2. Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling: used to diagnose certain genetic diseases or fetal malformations and other problems.
3. Blood sugar check: Pregnant women are prone to gestational diabetes and need to monitor blood sugar and diet.
4. Fetal movement monitoring: Fetal movement is one of the important indicators for evaluating fetal health and requires regular monitoring.
4. Third trimester examination
Prenatal care in the third trimester (after 28 weeks of pregnancy) is mainly to prepare for delivery and ensure the safety of mother and baby. Specifically include the following items:
1. Prenatal training: including the learning of delivery methods, postpartum care, breastfeeding and other related knowledge.
2. Fetal position check: Check whether the fetus is in the correct position to avoid dystocia.
3. Neck examination: used to determine the time and method of delivery.
4.Amniotic fluid examinationCheck: Too much or too little amniotic fluid can cause harm to mother and baby and requires regular monitoring.
5. Electrocardiogram: used to evaluate the heart function of the mother and fetus.
5. Precautions during pregnancy
In addition to regular prenatal check-ups, you also need to pay attention to the following points during pregnancy:
1. Maintain good eating habits: eat more fruits and vegetables, less greasy food, and avoid excessive drinking and smoking.
2. Appropriate exercise: You can do light walking, yoga and other exercises, but be careful not to overexert yourself.
3. Avoid infection: During pregnancy, the body\’s immunity declines and it is easy to be infected with viruses and bacteria. You need to pay attention to personal hygiene and avoid going to crowded places.
4. Psychological adjustment: Mood fluctuates greatly during pregnancy, so you need to maintain a good attitude and a positive mental state.
6. Post-pregnancy check-up
Postpartum check-ups are to ensure the health of mother and baby and should be done within 1-2 weeks after delivery. Mainly include the following items:
1. Postpartum recovery status examination: including examination of contraction, wound healing and other indicators.
2. Breast examination: observe whether there are any abnormalities in the breasts and provide breastfeeding guidance.
3. Postpartum depression screening: Postpartum depression is a common postpartum psychological problem that needs to be screened and treated.
4. Infant health examination: including examinations measuring weight, length, head circumference and other indicators, as well as assessment of hearing, vision and other aspects.
5. Contraceptive measures consultation: Appropriate contraceptive measures need to be taken after delivery to avoid excessive burden on the body caused by another pregnancy.
To sum up, examinations during pregnancy are very important, which can help women understand the health status of themselves and their fetuses, and take timely measures to protect the safety of mother and baby. At the same time, you also need to pay attention to personal hygiene and eating habits, and maintain a good attitude and positive mental state. If you have any discomfort or concerns, you should consult your doctor and deal with them promptly.
