In fact, the principle of paternity testing is not complicated, but many friends do not understand the principles and methods of paternity testing. Therefore, today I will share with you I hope some knowledge of the principles of paternity testing can help everyone. Let’s take a look at the analysis of this issue!
Contents of this article
- The difference between kinship testing and paternity testing
- Basics of paternity testing
- Principles and methods of paternity testing
- Principles of paternity DNA testing
- What do you need to provide for paternity testing >
- Why does the paternity test take so long to get the results?
1. The difference between kinship testing and paternity testing
Paternity testing is currently the most widely used type of DNA testing, especially It refers to the conventional biological blood relationship identification between parents and children, also known as paternity testing; kinship testing is a broad identification. DNA kinship testing includes paternity testing. In addition, kinship testing also includes intergenerational kinship testing and difficult kinship testing.
This is currently the most in demand paternity test, including parent and child (also known as triplets), father and son (or mother and child) (also known as dyads) ) paternity test. The accuracy of this assessment can reach 99.999%.
Family identification is suitable for confirming the kinship relationship between great-grandparents, grandparents, great-grandchildren (great-granddaughter) and grandchildren (granddaughter). It also includes simple paternal relationship identification, such as confirming the kinship relationship between great-grandfather, grandfather, and great-grandchildren, and simple maternal relationship identification, such as confirming the kinship relationship between great-grandmother, grandmother, granddaughter, and great-granddaughter.
Difficult kinship testing is suitable for siblings (brothers and sisters), cousins, uncles and nephews, aunts and nieces, aunts and nieces, uncles, aunts and nieces, and uncles and nieces. identification.
When parents are unable to undergo a paternity test due to special reasons, the blood relationship can be determined through a paternity test, but the paternity test must not be the same as a paternity test.. It can be said that paternity testing is one type of paternity testing, and the intergenerational paternity testing and difficult paternity testing in paternity testing are in a sense a supplement to the unachievable paternity testing. At present, with the continuous advancement of DNA identification technology, blood relationships can be accurately determined through kinship testing.
2. Basis for paternity testing
The most important aspect of paternity testing The basis is the forensic identification certificate issued by the relevant judicial entrusting agency. When conducting a judicial paternity test, the fee should be negotiated between the test agency and the applicant, and the agreement reached through the negotiation will be stated in the judicial test power of attorney.
3. Principles and methods of paternity testing
Principles and methods of paternity testing The basis of genetic theory is Mende\’s original law which was rediscovered in 1900. According to this theory, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the atomic substance of human cells, and each atom has 46 chromosomes. Because male sperm cells and female egg cells each have 23 chromosomes due to meiosis, they are called haploid, and they only carry half of the genetic factors of their parents. When the sperm and egg combine, each person inherits half of the molecular material from the biological father and biological mother. The parent-child relationship is confirmed by testing whether the DNA patterns of the children and their parents match.
Method: Using DNA for paternity testing, the elimination rate of non-paternity is 100%, and the confirmation rate of paternity is 99.9%.
4. Principles of DNA paternity testing
The science of DNA paternity testing The principle is Mendelian law of inheritance. The two basic laws of genetics – the law of separation and the law of free combination, are collectively called Mendelian laws of inheritance. That is, half of a child\’s genotype comes from the mother and the other half from the father. This DNA testing technology for DNA paternity testing is professionally called STR typing testing. The loci, i.e. DNA fragments, chosen for detection are both diverse and specific. and sufficient to distinguish individuals. The non-parent exclusion rate of this technology is greater than 0.9999. Probabilistically, it is almost impossible to find another person with the same phenotypic combination in the world\’s population (except for identical multiples).
5. What is required for a paternity test
1. 1. DNA samples and relevant identity documents of both parents and children are required.
2. 2DNA samples can be obtained by collecting oral swabs, blood or hair.
3. 3. Identity documents can be ID cards, household registration books, passports, etc.
4. 4. If the paternity test is performed in a hospital or professional institution, they will provide specific operating procedures and a list of required materials.
6. Why does the paternity test take so long to get the results?
1. Because paternity testing is not as simple as testing ABO blood type. It requires joint detection of 16 DNA genetic markers to draw a relatively accurate conclusion. Therefore, it takes at least 3 days. Due to the different procedures of each laboratory, within a week The results are acceptable.
2. The results of the paternity test are expected to be available in about a week. The basic principle of paternity testing: The human genome is a system with a very stable structure, and at the same time it is a mutating system. During the long-term evolution process, the sequence of genomic DNA continues to mutate.
3. Some of these variations are preserved, leading to genome differences and polymorphisms among different races, groups and individuals. Except for identical twins, No two individual genomes are identical.
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