Hello everyone, many friends don’t quite understand the rules of blood type inheritance. Today I will share with you the knowledge about the rules of blood type inheritance. I hope it will be helpful to you. Helped!
Table of Contents
- How did the blood type matching table come about
- Basic knowledge of blood types
- How many blood types are there
- What are the rules of blood type inheritance
- How to know your blood type
1. How did the blood type matching table come about?
1. The blood group matching table is based on the principles of antigen and antibody reactions in human blood. Human blood contains A, B, O and Rh antigens, corresponding to blood types A, B, O and AB respectively. At the same time, human blood also contains corresponding antibodies, namely anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
2. Based on the interaction between antigens and antibodies, the pairing relationship between different blood types can be derived.
3. For example, type A blood contains A antigen but anti-B antibodies, so an agglutination reaction will occur when paired with type B blood.
4. Through a large number of experimental observations and research, scientists have summarized a blood type matching table to guide medical operations such as blood transfusions and organ transplants to ensure safety and effectiveness.
2. Basic knowledge of blood types
1. Basic knowledge: Blood type is a genetic trait expressed in the form of blood antigens. In a narrow sense, blood type refers specifically to the differences in red blood cell antigens between individuals; but it is now known that in addition to red blood cells, there are also antigen differences between individuals in white blood cells, platelets, and even some plasma proteins. Therefore, the broad blood type should include the differences in the antigens of each blood component between individuals, such as HLA (human leukocyte antigen), HPA (human platelet antigen), etc.
2. Usually people’s understanding of blood types is often limited to ABO blood types and blood transfusion issues.In fact, blood type has extensive practical value in anthropology, genetics, forensic medicine, clinical medicine and other disciplines, so it has important theoretical and practical significance.
3. As of 2014, the International Society of Blood Transfusion has listed more than 300 antigens in 33 blood group systems, most of which have been cloned and sequenced.
3. How many blood types are there
There are 4 blood types ——Type O, type A, type B and type AB. The Rh blood group system is the most complex type among red blood cells. More than 40 kinds of Rh antigens have been discovered, among which D antigen is the most antigenic. Therefore, red blood cells usually contain D. Antigens are called Rh positive, while those lacking the D antigen on red blood cells are called Rh negative.
4. What are the rules of blood type inheritance
Generally speaking, children The blood type of a child can be determined based on the blood type of the parents. If both parents have type O blood, their children will have type O blood. If one parent is type A and the other is type O or type A, the child will have type A or type O blood. If one parent is type A and the other is type B, the child can have four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. By analogy, we can find out the rules of blood type inheritance.
5. How to know your blood type
Go to a regular hospital to register , ask the doctor to order a blood test, and then you can know your blood type.
You can also guess based on the blood type of your parents. Because in the ABO blood group system, the A and B genes are dominant genes, while the O gene is a recessive gene. For example, in a pair of chromosomes, one chromosome carries the A gene and the other carries the O gene. The genetic formula of this person is AO, but the expression is A, that is, type A, not type O. Type O humans have the O gene on both chromosomes.
That is to say, if the father has blood type AB and the mother has blood type O, then there are only two possible blood types for their offspring: type A and type B. If both parents have type O blood, the child can only have type O blood. The data based on the parents’ blood types is absolutely accurate.
Generally speaking, blood type does not change throughout life. Human blood types are usually divided into four types: A, B, O and AB. Blood type is inherited with the help of chromosomes in cells.
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells. Each pair of chromosomes is composed of two single chromosomes, one of which comes from the father and the other from the mother. The main component of chromosomes is deoxyribonucleic acid, which is often referred to as DNA, which determines genetic traits and functions. Blood type identification is mainly used for:
1. Clinical blood transfusion: When the circulating blood volume is insufficient or massive blood loss or anemia requires blood transfusion treatment, the blood type must be selected before blood transfusion. Cross-matching of blood from the same blood donor will ensure that the blood can be transfused only if they are identical.
2. Select donors with compatible ABO blood types when performing organ transplants such as skin and kidney transplants.
3. Analysis of the causes of infertility and neonatal hemolytic disease.
If you want to know more about this, remember to bookmark and follow this site.
