Stanford University experiment: There is a huge difference between words of praise and encouragement for children

Carol Dweck, a well-known developmental psychologist at Stanford University, and her team have been studying the impact of praise on children for the past 10 years. They conducted a long-term study on 400 fifth-grade students in 20 schools in New York. The results of this study shocked the academic community. In the experiment, they asked children to complete a series of mental puzzle tasks independently. What should I do if my children don’t take the initiative to learn? How to Make Children Fall in Love with Learning Efficient Accompanying Class Completed mp3 First, the researchers only called one child from the classroom at a time to conduct the first round of IQ testing. The test questions are very simple puzzles that almost all children can complete fairly well. After each child completed the test, the researcher told him the score, along with a word of encouragement or praise. The researchers randomly divided the children into two groups. One group received a compliment about IQ, that is, praise, such as, \”You are very talented at puzzles, you are very smart.\” The other group of children received a sentence about IQ. Praise for hard work is encouragement, for example, \”You must have worked very hard just now, so you performed very well.\” Why only give one word of praise? \”We wanted to see how sensitive the children were to praise or encouragement,\” Dweck explains. \”I had a hunch that a compliment would be enough to see the effect.\” The children then took a second round of puzzle testing. There are two tests of different difficulty levels available, and they are free to choose which test they take. One is harder, but you will learn something new during the test. The other is a simple test similar to the previous round. It was found that 90% of the children who were praised for their efforts in the first round chose the more difficult task. Most of the children who were praised for being smart chose simple tasks. It can be seen that children who think they are smart do not like to face challenges. Why is this so? Dweck wrote in the research report: \”When we praise children for being smart, we are telling them that in order to stay smart, don\’t take the risk of making mistakes.\” This is what the \”smart\” children in the experiment did. : Avoiding the risk of making a fool of yourself in order to look smart. A third round of testing followed. This time, all children took the same test, with no choice. This test is very difficult, it is a first-grade exam. As you can imagine, the children failed. Children who had previously received different types of praise had dramatically different reactions to failure. Children who had previously been praised for their hard work believed they failed because they didn\’t work hard enough. \”These kids were so engaged on the test and trying to solve the puzzle in a variety of ways,\” Dweck recalled, \”that several kids told me, \’This is my favorite test.\’\” And the kids who were praised for being smart Think that they failed because they were not smart enough. They were always nervous during the test, scratching their heads and feeling frustrated when they couldn\’t answer the questions. In the third round of testing, Dweck\’s team deliberately frustrated the children. Next, they gave the children a fourth round of testing, and this time the questions were just as simple as the first round. The scores of those children who were praised for their hard work improved by about 30% on this test compared with the first time. And those children who are praised for being smart, thisCompared with the first time, the score this time has dropped by about 20%. Dweck has always suspected that praise may not have a good effect on children, but the results of this experiment were still far beyond her expectations. She explained: Encouragement, that is, praising children for their hard work, will give children a sense of control. Children will believe that success is in their own hands. On the contrary, praise, that is, praising children for being smart, is tantamount to telling them that success is not within their control. In this way, when they face failure, they are often helpless. In subsequent follow-up interviews with children, Dweck found that those who believed talent was the key to success unconsciously underestimated the importance of hard work. These kids will reason like this: I\’m smart, so I don\’t have to work that hard. They even think that trying hard is stupid and means admitting to everyone that they are not smart enough. Dweck\’s experiment was repeated many times. She found that no matter what family background a child has, they cannot stand the feeling of failure that comes with being set back after being praised for being smart. Boys and girls alike, especially girls with good grades, are hardest hit. Even preschoolers, such praise can harm them. Encouragement refers to encouragement and support, while praise refers to the praise and promotion of a thing or behavior. Encouragement is usually aimed at the process and attitude. \”Dad sees your hard work this semester and is proud of you!\” Praise is usually aimed at results and effectiveness. \”Dad sees your grades improving and is happy for you!\” More encouragement, less. Praise; describe more and evaluate less, which can prevent children from being kidnapped by praise, or being unable to afford to lose, and resorting to unscrupulous means before achieving the goal. Elementary school teachers in the United States have developed a special \”speech list\”. When students encounter outstanding performance, they use these 10 sentences to replace them. For Chinese parents and teachers, we can actually learn from it. How to Stimulate Students\’ Interest and Motivation in Learning Full Video Download 1. You have worked very hard. When your child shows you the fruits of his labor, you should not only express your recognition of the results, but also your recognition of your child\’s sweat. 2. Although it is difficult, you never give up. When a child completes something that is very difficult for him, parents must affirm the child\’s tenacity and never give up. 3. You have a very good attitude in doing things. Sometimes, it is not terrible to lose success. What is terrible is to lose the correct attitude, so we must encourage children to maintain a correct attitude. 4. You have made progress again. When a child\’s ability improves, parents should praise the child\’s progress in specific ways and let the child develop the habit of paying attention to details. 5. This method is very creative. Many parents think their children’s ideas are ridiculous. In fact, unconstrained thinking is their children’s advantage. Parents should protect their children’s innovation instead of stifling it. 6. Your cooperation with your friends is very good. The future society will definitely be inseparable from cooperation between people. Cooperation is actually a manifestation of communication skills. Appreciating the ability to cooperate is also an important way to improve children\’s future competitiveness. 7. You are very responsible for this matter. If we want our children to become leaders, we must stimulate their sense of responsibility and leadership ability from an early age.Strength, let the children experience how refreshing it feels to lead something. 8. It’s great that you helped your classmates complete their tasks! Helping others is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. Helping others is actually a way to improve yourself. Therefore, parents should encourage their children to help their classmates do what they can. 9. You attach great importance to other people\’s opinions. Those who like to be in charge are obsessed with others, and those who are in charge are clear-eyed. Sometimes other people\’s opinions can be very helpful in making one\’s own decisions. Praising children for valuing other people\’s opinions can actually help them have a broader mind. 10. I’m glad you made such a choice to accomplish something well. Sometimes it’s because of a person’s hard work and carefulness, and sometimes it’s because a person makes the right decision. Praising strategy is essentially praising cleverness. , but the effect is very different.