A complete collection of excerpts of common Chinese literature knowledge for children to collect

Compulsory Course 1 1. Dai Wangshu, a native of Hang County, Zhejiang (now Yuhang), is a Chinese modernist poet. \”Rain Alley\” is his most famous work, and he earned the title of \”Rain Alley Poet\”. 2. Xu Zhimo, the author of \”Goodbye Cambridge\”, was born in Haining, Zhejiang Province. He is a modern poet and essayist and is the main poet of the Crescent School. 3. Ai Qing, the author of \”Dayan River – My Nanny\”, is a modern poet from Jinhua, Zhejiang. 4. \”Zuo Zhuan\” is my country\’s first chronicle with a detailed narrative. It is said to have been written by Zuo Qiuming, the historian of the State of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period. It is compiled according to the \”Spring and Autumn Annals\” of Lu History revised by Confucius. It mainly records some political, economic, military, diplomatic and cultural events in various countries during the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty for more than 240 years. It is a valuable document for studying the history of my country\’s pre-Qin Dynasty and is also an excellent book. Prose writings. 5. \”Warring States Policy\” was compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty based on historical materials. It has 33 chapters in total and is a national history book. It mainly records the vertical and horizontal struggles of counselors and counselors during the Warring States Period and the related plans or speeches. 6. \”Historical Records\”, written by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty, is my country\’s first general history in the form of biographies. It was originally called \”Tai Shi Gong Shu\”, with a total of 130 chapters, divided into \”Eight Books\”, \”Ten Tables\”, \”Twelve Books\”, and \”Records of the Grand Historian\”. \”Thirty Families\” and \”Seventy Biographies\”. It records the three thousand years of history from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and its biographies are the first of its kind in the history and biography literature of our country. \”Historical Records\” is a monument in the history of ancient prose, which has given endless inspiration and far-reaching influence to future generations. It was praised by Lu Xun as \”the swan song of historians and the rhymeless Li Sao\”. Together with Sima Guang, he was called the \”Two Sima in History\”, and together with Ban Gu, he was called \”Banma\”. Sima Qian also wrote the \”Report to Ren An\”, which records his imprisonment and torture and his ambition to write a book. His perseverance has been praised by generations. 7. Lu Xun, whose original name was Zhou Shuren and whose courtesy name was Hencai. A great writer, thinker and revolutionary. \”With cold eyebrows and cold eyes, he bows his head and is willing to be a bully\” is a true portrayal of his life. In 1918, he published the first vernacular novel \”A Madman\’s Diary\” in the history of modern Chinese literature under the pen name \”Lu Xun\” for the first time. His main works include the novel collection \”The Scream\” (including \”Diary of a Madman\”, \”The True Story of Ah Q\”, \”Medicine\”, \”Kong Yiji\”, etc.), \”Wandering\” (including \”Blessings\”, \”Sorrow\”, etc.), and \”New Stories\”; The prose collection \”Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk\” (including \”Mr. Fujino\”, \”Fan Ainong\”, etc.) and the prose poetry collection \”Weeds\”; \”Grave\”, \”Huagai Collection\”, \”Huagai Collection Sequel\”, \”Two Hearts Collection\” and many other collections of essays. \”In Memory of Mr. Liu Hezhen\” is selected from \”The Continuation of Huagai Collection\”. 8. Ba Jin, formerly known as Li Yaotang and given the courtesy name Fu Gan, is a famous novelist and essayist in modern my country. \”Home\” is the first best-selling novel of New Literature. His main works are the novel \”Torrent Trilogy\” (\”Home\”, \”Spring\” and \”Autumn\”), the \”Love Trilogy\” (\”Fog\”, \”Rain\” and \”Electricity\”), and the novellas \”Cold Night\” and \”Rest\” Garden\” and so on. The collection of essays \”Random Thoughts\” written in his later years is his most important work sincerely reflecting on the \”Cultural Revolution\”. \”Puppy Bao Di\” is selected from \”Random Thoughts\”. 9. Liang Shiqiu, author of \”Remembering a Speech by Mr. Liang Rengong\”. Liang Qichao, also known as Zhuoru, also known as Ren Gong, also known as the owner of the ice drinking room, was a native of Xinhui, Guangdong. Leader and scholar of modern China\’s reformists. His works are compiled into \”The Ice Drinking Room Collection\”. 10, Xia Yan, the author of \”Invested Work\”, is a native of Hangxian County, Zhejiang Province and a famous modern playwright. His major works include the scripts \”Sai Jin Hua\”, \”Under the Roofs of Shanghai\”, and \”Fascist Bacteria\”. 11. Confucius, whose name was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was a famous thinker, politician, and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. Judging from the names and the tone of the record, it seems that it was written by Confucius\’s disciples and his disciples based on their own memories or the legends they heard. The book contains a total of twenty chapters, covering many aspects such as politics, education, literature, philosophy, and principles of life. The Analects is the most important classic work on Confucianism. 12. Charles Dickens, the author of \”David Copperfield\”, is a world-renowned British novelist. He created a total of fourteen and a half novels and a large number of other works in his life. He is the only English writer who can rival Shakespeare. \”David Copperfield\” is a \”semi-autobiographical\” novel. Compulsory Course 2 1. Zhu Ziqing, courtesy name Peixian, is a famous modern Chinese poet, essayist, scholar, democratic fighter, and patriotic intellectual. Among his prose works with higher artistic achievements are lyrical prose such as \”Back View\”, \”Moonlight over the Lotus Pond\”, and \”Green\” from \”Wenzhou and Traces\” (Part 2) included in the collections \”Back View\” and \”You and Me\”. Zhu Ziqing\’s prose is not only good at description, but also achieves the artistic realm of blending scenes in description. His superb writing skills are even more vividly demonstrated in \”Moonlight over the Lotus Pond\”. In August 1948, he refused to accept relief food from the United States and died in Peking due to poverty and illness. Mao Zedong said that he \”showed the heroic spirit of our nation.\” 2. Yu Dafu, whose original name is Yu Wen and whose courtesy name is Dafu, was born in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province. He is a famous novelist, essayist and poet in modern China. In June 1921, together with Guo Moruo, Cheng Fangwu, Zhang Ziping and others, he planned to establish the New Literature Group Creation Society. Yu Dafu\’s first collection of short stories, \”The Sinking\”, had a great influence at that time. \”Autumn in the Old Capital\” is a masterpiece of Yu Dafu\’s lyrical prose that is concise and beautiful. General Knowledge of Chinese Literature Appreciative Dictionary of Tang Poetry and Song Ci and other major series, old edition 20 volumes PDF+ new edition 17 volumes 22 volumes epub+azw33, Lu Li (1908-1942) modern essayist and translator. He is the author of collections of essays such as \”Starfish\”, \”Bamboo Knife\”, \”The Green Prisoner\”, etc., and has translated \”Luo Ting\”, \”Robinson Wandering\”, etc. 4. The Book of Songs is the earliest poetry collection in my country and is said to have been compiled by Confucius. Originally it was only called \”Poetry\”, but it was listed as one of the classics by Confucianists, so it was called \”The Book of Songs\”. It was compiled in the sixth century BC and has a total of 305 poems, so it is also called \”Three Hundred Poems\”. The Book of Songs is divided into three categories: \”Wind\”, \”Elegance\” and \”Song\” in terms of content. It reflects the social life of 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. The Book of Songs pioneered the path of realistic literary creation in my country. The Book of Songs is mainly composed of four-character poems, with occasional miscellaneous words. The artistic techniques of \”Fu\”, \”Bi\” and \”Xing\” are commonly used. \”The Six Meanings of the Book of Songs\”: \”wind\”, \”elegance\”, \”song\”, \”fu\”, \”bi\” and \”xing\”. The Book of Songs often adopts the form of repeated chapters and overlapping sentences in its chapter structure, and \”Caiwei\” is an example. In language, double-voice rhymes are often used.Sponge words and overlapping words describe things, onomatopoeia, and poor appearance. 5. Qu Yuan, named Ping and courtesy name Yuan, was a native of the Chu state during the Warring States Period. He was a great romantic poet in ancient my country. \”Chu Ci\” collects poems and poems by Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Jia Yi and others, and was edited by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty. These works use the poetic forms and dialect rhymes of the Chu region to describe the customs and customs of the Chu region. They are rich in local color, so they are called \”Chu Ci\”, also known as \”Chu Ci Style\” or \”Sao Style\”. \”Li Sao\” is the representative work of \”Chu Ci\” and the longest lyric poem in our country. 6. \”The Peacock Flying Southeast\” is selected from \”New Odes of Yutai\” compiled by Chen Xuling of the Southern Dynasties. The original title was \”An ancient poem written by Jiao Zhongqing\’s wife\”. This is the longest narrative poem in ancient my country. Together with the Northern Dynasties folk song \”Mulan Ci\”, it is also known as the \”Two Jewels of Yuefu\”. \”Yuefu\” was originally the name of an official office in the Western Han Dynasty. Its duty was to collect folk songs or poems by literati to set the music for performance at court sacrifices or banquets. The poems it collected and compiled were later called \”Yuefu Poems\” or simply \”Yuefu\” (including two parts: literati Yuefu and Yuefu folk songs). Its characteristics are that it inherits the realistic tradition of \”The Book of Songs\”, adds narrative elements, breaks through the four-character style and Sao style in form, and forms miscellaneous poems and five-character poems that occupy an important position in the poetry world of our country. 7. \”Plucking Hibiscus across the River\” is selected from \”Selected Works\” by Liang Xiaotong of the Southern Dynasties. \”Nineteen Ancient Poems\” is a collection of five-character poems by literati in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, which was first seen in \”Selected Works\”. 8. Cao Cao, courtesy name Mengde, was an outstanding politician, strategist, and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. His representative works include \”Dan Ge Xing\”, \”Gui Suishou\”, \”Guan Cang Hai\”, etc. He and his sons Cao Pi and Cao Zhi were both famous for their poetry and prose, and were called the \”Three Caos\” by later generations. 9. Tao Yuanming, also known as Yuanliang, also known as Yuanming, also known as Mr. Wuliu, was a famous poet and writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His representative works include the poems \”Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields\”, \”Drinking Drinking\”, \”Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas\”, the prose \”Peach Blossom Spring\”, \”The Biography of Mr. Wuliu\” and the poem \”Returning to Lai Ci\”, etc. 10. Wang Xizhi, courtesy name Yishao, was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He is good at calligraphy and is known as the \”Sage of Calligraphy\”. Because he once served as a general of the Youjun Army, he is known as the \”Wang Youjun\” in the world. 11. Su Shi, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, also known as Zizhan and Dongpo Jushi. Along with his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe, they were both members of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and later generations called them the \”Three Sus\”. Prose, poetry, and calligraphy are all unique and unique. The poetry is of a bold and unrestrained style. Together with Han Yu, he is known as \”Han Chao Su Hai\”. His calligraphy and painting, together with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu, are known as the \”Four Masters of Song Dynasty\”. He is the author of \”The Complete Works of Dongpo\” and \”Dongpo Yuefu\”. In 1079, he was demoted to Huangzhou. During this period, he visited Chibi twice and wrote two poems. The text was selected as the first one, also known as \”Pre-Chibi Fu\”. (Eight masters of prose in Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Zeng Gong) 12. \”A Journey to Baochan Mountain\” is selected from \”Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan\”. Wang Anshi, also known as Jiefu and Banshan, was a politician and writer from Linchuan in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was one of the \”Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties\” and was known as Wang Jinggong and Wang Wengong. 13. The author of \”Notre Dame de Paris\” is the 19th-century French romantic writer Hugo. He is one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature. \”The Hunchback of Notre Dame\” is his first novel. Compulsory Course Three 1. Cao Xueqin (1715~1763) Novelist of Qing Dynasty. The name is Zhan, the courtesy name is Meng Ruan, and his nickname is Xueqin, also known as Qinpu and Qinxi. A Dream of Red Mansions is the greatest novel in ancient my country and one of the classics of world literature. The current popular sequel is the 120-chapter \”Dream of Red Mansions\” completed by Gao E. The book takes the four major families of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue as the background, takes the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, focuses on describing the process of Rong and Ning mansions from prosperity to decline, and comprehensively describes the human nature of the last days of feudal society. and all kinds of irreconcilable contradictions. 2. \”Blessing\” is one of Lu Xun\’s masterpieces. It is the first article in Lu Xun\’s second collection of novels, \”Wandering\”. The novel reflects the dark social reality of old China after the Revolution of 1911. Lu Xun\’s three novel collections are: \”Scream\”, \”Wandering\”, and \”New Stories\”. The novel \”Diary of a Madman\” is China\’s first vernacular novel and is included in Lu Xun\’s collection of novels \”The Scream\”. 3. Hemingway, a modern American writer, won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. His representative works are \”The Old Man and the Sea\”, \”The Sun Also Rises\”, \”A Farewell to Arms\” and \”For Whom the Bell Tolls\”. Courage is a central theme in Hemingway\’s works. 4. Li Bai, also known as Taibai and Qinglian Jushi, was the most outstanding poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and another great romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of Chinese literature. He is known as the \”Poetic Immortal\”. He is good at absorbing nutrients from folk literature, with rich and unique imagination, bold and elegant style, magnificent colors, and fresh and natural language. He is as famous as Du Fu and is known as \”Li Du\”. Du Fu once said that \”his pen fell in the storm, and his poems became weeping ghosts and gods.\” There are more than 900 of his poems in existence, and his works include \”The Collection of Li Taibai\”. 5. Du Fu (712-770), whose courtesy name was Zimei and whose nickname was Shaoling Yelao, was from Gong County, Henan (now Gongyi City, Henan). From the official position to Zuo Shiyi, he was a member of the Ministry of Inspection and Engineering, Wailang, known in his later life as Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. He was a great realist poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. There is \”Collection of Du Gongbu\” handed down to the world. Du Fu wrote more than 1,400 poems in his life, and was good at ancient style and rhythmic poetry. His poetic style was melancholy and melancholy. Because he lived in the historical period of the Tang Dynasty, which turned from prosperity to decline, his poems mostly dealt with social turmoil, political darkness, and people\’s suffering. Therefore, his poems were praised It is the history of poetry and is honored as the Saint of Poetry by later generations. His representative works include \”Three Officials\” and \”Three Farewells\”. The three official works are \”Shihao Officials\”, \”Tongguan Officials\” and \”Xin\’an Officials\”; 》. 6. Bai Juyi (772-846), a famous realist poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, was named Lotte and in his later years was known as Xiangshan Jushi. He advocated that \”articles should be written according to the time, and songs and poems should be written according to the situation.\” He was an advocate of the \”New Yuefu Movement\”. He wrote \”allegorical poems\” represented by \”New Yuefu\” and \”Qin Zhongyin\”, which reflected the painful life of the working people and exposed the corruption and sins of the ruling class. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen are both called \”Yuan Bai\”. 7. Li Shangyin, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name is Yushan and the nickname is Yuxisheng. Some of his poems reveal the darkness of reality, but there are only a few of them; his main achievements are in the art of poetry, especially his modern style of rhyme.Most of them have hazy and obscure artistic characteristics. He composed more than 600 poems in his life, including \”Collection of Poems by Li Yishan\”. He and Du Mu are collectively known as Xiao Li Du. 8. Mencius, whose name was Ke and whose courtesy name was Ziyu. A native of Zou (now Zou County, Shandong Province) during the Warring States Period. Zisi, the grandson of Confucius, was another Confucian master after Confucius. He was revered as the Lesser Sage by later generations. He was a famous thinker, educator, and writer in my country. Mencius took \”ruling the world in peace\” as his own mission, lobbied the princes, opposed tyranny, and advocated \”benevolent government\” and \”kingly way\” centered on \”benevolence and righteousness\”. \”Mencius\” is one of the classic works of Confucianism. It mainly records Mencius\’ political activities, political theories, philosophical ethics, and educational thoughts. There are 7 chapters in the book. 9. Xunzi (about 313 BC to 238 BC) was a famous thinker and writer during the Warring States Period. At that time, people respectfully called him Xun Qing. A native of Zhao at the end of the Warring States Period. Xunzi was the last representative figure of the Confucian school in the pre-Qin period, and he and Mencius, who preceded him, became two opposing schools of Confucianism. On the issue of human nature, he disagreed with Mencius\’ theory of good nature and advocated the theory of evil nature. He believed that acquired environment can improve people\’s evil nature. Therefore, he advocated \”clearing etiquette and righteousness and transforming it\” and attaching great importance to the role of education and emphasizing the importance of educational functions. , has a positive meaning. 10. Jia Yi (200 BC – 168 BC), a political commentator and writer from Luoyang during the Western Han Dynasty. He is known as Jia Sheng, Jia Taifu and Jia Changsha. Representative works: political essays such as \”On the Passage of the Qin Dynasty\”, \”Chen Zhengshi Shu\”, \”On Accumulation and Storage\”, etc., among which \”Ode to Diao Qu Yuan\” and \”Ode to Song Bird\” are the most famous. \”On Guo Qin\” is selected from \”New Book\”. \”On the Passage of the Qin Dynasty\” originally had three chapters, the upper, middle and lower parts. The text selected is the first one. 11. Han Yu, also known as Tuizhi, was a famous writer and philosopher in the mid-Tang Dynasty. In the world, he was known as Han Libu, also known as Han Changli, and because he was given the posthumous title of \”Wen\” after his death, he was called Han Wengong. He is the author of forty volumes of \”Mr. Changli\’s Collection\”. He was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty, once praised him as \”a writer who has risen from the decline of eight generations\” and \”a common man has become a teacher for hundreds of generations.\” Later generations honored him as the head of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. \”Shuo\” is a style of writing in ancient Chinese, which belongs to the scope of argumentative essays. It usually states one\’s opinions on something. It can be narrated first and then discussed, or it can be combined with narrative and discussion. \”Teacher\’s theory\” explains the principle of \”following the teacher\”. 12. Balzac, the great French realist writer of the 19th century. He created a total of 91 novels in \”Human Comedy\”, including novels, novellas, short stories and essays, such as the novels \”Eugénie Grandet\” (1833) and \”Petro Goriot\” (1834), this masterpiece It has written more than 2,400 characters, fully demonstrating French social life in the first half of the 19th century. It is a rare literary monument in the history of human literature and is known as the encyclopedia of French society. Engels said that the work \”provides an outstanding realist history of French \’society\’, especially Paris\’ \’upper class\’\”. Compulsory Course 4 1. Guan Hanqing, also known as Jizhaisou, was born in the late Jin Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty and was a dramatist in the Yuan Dynasty. A representative of the True Color School, his representative works include \”The Injustice of Dou E\” (full name \”The Injustice of Dou E\” that moved the world), \”Saving Feng Chen\”, \”Wangjiang Pavilion\”, \”\”Single Sword Club\” and \”Moon Worship Pavilion\”. 2. The four masters of Yuan opera and their respective representative works are Guan Hanqing\’s \”The Injustice of Dou E\”, Bai Pu\’s \”The Horse on the Wall\” and \”Indus Rain\”, Ma Zhiyuan\’s \”Autumn in the Han Palace\” and Zheng Guangzu\’s \”A Chinese Ghost Story\”. The representative writer of the Wencai School is Wang Shifu, and his representative work is \”The Romance of the West Chamber\”. In addition, Ji Junxiang\’s \”The Orphan of Zhao\” is a Yuan drama that has a profound influence in the West. 3. The composition of Yuan opera includes two types of genres: Sanqu and Zaju. Among them, Sanqu also includes Xiaoling and Taoshu. Yuan dramas generally consist of four folds, and some have a \”wedge\” in addition to the four folds, which serves as a prologue or transition. The stage performance of Zaju is composed of three parts: singing, singing and speaking. The characters are composed of three categories: Mo, Dan, and Jing. 4. Cao Yu, formerly known as Wan Jiabao, is a famous modern and contemporary playwright. Before liberation, he wrote plays such as \”Thunderstorm\”, \”Sunrise\”, \”Wilderness\”, \”Transformation\”, and \”Peking Man\”, among which \”Thunderstorm\” marked the beginning of Chinese drama. Art begins to mature. 5. William Shakespeare (1564-1616), an outstanding British dramatist and poet during the Renaissance. Known as the \”Four Great Tragedies\”, \”Hamlet\”, \”Othello\”, \”King Lear\” and \”Macbeth\” represent the pinnacle of his art. Ben Jonson once said of Shakespeare: He does not belong to one era, but to all centuries. 6. Liu Yong, courtesy name Qi Qing, formerly known as San Bian, was a poet during the Northern Song Dynasty. Because he was ranked seventh, he was called Liu Qi, also known as Liu Tuntian. His collection of lyrics is called \”Collection of Movements\”, and more than 200 poems have been handed down. \”Anywhere where there is well water to drink, one can sing Liu Ci\” (Volume 2 of Ye Mengde\’s \”Records of Summer Vacation\”). 7. Su Shi, also known as Zizhan and Dongpo Jushi, is also known as the \”Three Sus\” together with Su Xun and Su Che. His poems are as famous as those of Huang Tingjian, and they are collectively known as \”Su Huang\”. In terms of Ci, he expanded the scope of expression of Ci and pioneered bold Ci in the Song Dynasty. His Ci style is similar to that of Xin Qiji, collectively known as \”Su Xin\”. Su Shi\’s prose is also very good. He is one of the \”Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties\”. 8. Xin Qiji, also known as You\’an and Jiaxuan, was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a representative of the bold and unconstrained faction with Su Shi. He had a collection of poems called \”Jiaxuan Long and Short Sentences\”. 9. Li Qingzhao, also known as Yi\’an Jushi, was a female poet in the late Northern Song Dynasty and early Southern Song Dynasty, a representative figure of the graceful school, and the author of \”Ci of Shuyu\”. The life experience can be divided into two periods: the Song Dynasty\’s migration to the south. 10. Ci, a kind of poetry. Also known as long and short sentences, melodic lyrics, and poems. It began in the Tang Dynasty, was finalized in the Five Dynasties, and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Ci first originated from the folk. Later, literati wrote new words according to the rhythm and rhythm of the music score, which was called \”filling in words\” or \”according to the sound\”. According to length, words can be roughly divided into Xiaoling (within 58 characters), Zhongdiao (59 to 90 characters) and Longdiao (more than 91 characters, the longest word is up to 240 characters). According to the creative style, it can be roughly divided into graceful and bold. 11. \”Hanshu\” is my country\’s first biographical history. \”The Biography of Zhang Heng\” is selected from Fan Ye\’s \”Book of the Later Han\”. The first four histories refer to \”Historical Records\”, \”Han Shu\” and \”Three Kingdoms\”.\”Zhi\” and \”Book of the Later Han Dynasty\”. 12. Montaigne, a French thinker and essayist during the European Renaissance, is the author of \”Collected Essays\”. Pascal, a 17th-century French mathematician, physicist, and thinker, famously said that man is a thinking reed. Compulsory Course Five 1. The Four Great Books of the Ming Dynasty: \”The Romance of the Three Kingdoms\”, \”Water Margin\”, \”The Plum in the Golden Vase\”, and \”Journey to the West\” 2. The Four Great Classical Chinese Classics: \”The Romance of the Three Kingdoms\”, \”Water Margin\”, and \”Journey to the West\” , \”A Dream of Red Mansions\”, the novelist Shi Naian in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties wrote \”Water Margin\” based on the popular story of Song Jiang\’s uprising. This book is the first chapter novel written in the vernacular language in Chinese history. It describes the story of Song Jiang\’s uprising. The whole process of the occurrence, development and failure of the peasant uprising led by the poet depicts many characters, reflects the class contradictions in feudal society, and praises the uprising struggle of the peasants. 3. The author of \”The Man in the Box\” is the famous Russian critical realist writer and playwright Chekhov in the late 19th century. He is a master of humorous satire with sharp writing style. He is one of the three short story masters in the world together with French Maupassant and American O. Henry. His short stories include \”Chameleon\”, \”The Death of a Small Civil Servant\”, etc. The good-natured ridicule of poor people and poor life makes his works comedic. He is best at seeing the essence of things in quiet life, so he is called \”everyday realism\”. He later turned to drama creation, and his main works include \”Three Sisters\”, \”The Seagull\”, \”The Cherry Orchard\”, etc. The protagonist Belikov in \”The Man in the Trap\” opposes all new things and stifles freedom and progress. He is the defender of the Tsarist autocratic system and has become synonymous with the \”Man in the Trap\”. 4. Shen Congwen (1902-1988), modern novelist, essayist, and cultural relic researcher. His original name is Shen Yuehuan, a native of Fenghuang, Hunan, and a Miao nationality. The novella \”Border Town\” is his representative work. It is based on life in western Hunan and embodies Shen Congwen\’s aesthetic ideals of \”beauty\” and \”love\”. It is his most prominent work that expresses the beauty of human nature. 3. Tao Yuanming (367-427), whose name was Qian, also named Yuanming, and whose name was Mr. Jingjie. He called himself Mr. Wuliu. He was a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (era) and the first pastoral poet in my country. His prose works include \”The Peach Blossom Spring\” and \”Five Flowers\”. \”Mr. Liu\’s Biography\”, and his poems include \”Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields\” and \”Drinking\”. 4. The four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty are Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang. Wang Bo, the author of \”Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng\”, is the first of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty. When he went south to visit relatives, he passed by the Pavilion of Prince Teng in Nanchang, composed a poem and wrote this preface. It is a parallel prose. 7. Zhuangzi (369 BC – 286 BC) was famous in the Zhou Dynasty. He was a Mongolian native of the Song Dynasty during the Warring States Period and a representative figure of the Taoist school. The book \”Zhuangzi\” was written by Zhuangzi and his disciples and later scholars. There are 33 chapters in the book, also known as \”Zhuangzi\”. The South China Sutra. Zhuangzi\’s articles are full of imagination, his writing style is varied, and he has a strong romanticism color. Liu Xizai\’s \”Yi Gai·Wen Gai\” commented that his \”unexpected and strange writing style.\” Mr. Lu Xun also said in \”Outline of the History of Chinese Literature\” Comments on the book \”Zhuangzi\”: \”His writings are astonishing.There are many ways to describe the manners, and none of the works of the late Zhou Dynasty scholars can be compared with others. \”The article system of \”Zhuangzi\” has been separated from the form of quotations, which marks that pre-Qin prose has developed to a mature stage and represents the highest achievement of pre-Qin prose. 8. \”Chen Qing Biao\” is selected from \”Selected Works\”. Li Mi, a pious , named Lingbo, a writer of the Western Jin Dynasty (era). Evaluation of \”Guwen Guanzhi\”: The most profound words are inherently sad and moving. 9. Zhu Guangqian, the author of \”Biting Words and Chewing Words\”, was born in Tongcheng, Anhui. A famous modern and contemporary esthetician and literary theorist . His \”History of Western Aesthetics\” is China\’s first work that systematically discusses the history of Western aesthetics. His major works include \”Talking about American Letters\”, etc. 10. The author of \”Talking about Chinese Poetry\” is the modern scholar and writer Qian Zhongshu. His academic works include \”Talking about Art\”, \”Guan Zhui Bian\”, \”Selected Notes on Song Poems\”, and a collection of essays \”Written on the Edge of Life\”. The novel \”Fortress Besieged\” is very famous. The book critic Mr. \”The most interesting and carefully managed novel in the novel, and probably the greatest one.\” Qian Zhongshu was also praised as \”Cultural Kunlun\” by the United States. 11. Liang Sicheng, the author of \”Characteristics of Chinese Architecture\”, is an architect who once chaired the China Design of the National Emblem of the People\’s Republic of China and the Monument to the People\’s Heroes. Author of \”History of Chinese Architecture\”, etc. 12. Hawking, author of \”The Future of the Universe\”, is known as the contemporary Einstein. He is a British theoretical physicist who has played a major role in the big bang, black holes, etc. Cosmology theory has achieved world-renowned achievements. His popular science book \”A Brief History of Time\” has greatly enhanced people\’s understanding of the universe. 13. \”The Romance of the Three Kingdoms\” is one of the earliest existing chapter-length novels in China. It is also the first historical novel, written by Luo Guanzhong at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. The book is written in simple classical Chinese and describes the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the entire Three Kingdoms era as well as the early Western Jin Dynasty. The three political affairs of Wei, Shu and Wu headed by Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan , conflicts and struggles between military groups. 14. The author of \”Don Quixote\” is Cervantes of Spain (nationality). The book is full of absurd comedy and tragedy that can make people \”laugh with tears\” Feeling is the foundation work of modern novels. 15. Common sense of style: preface, table, parallel prose preface, usually written at the front of the book or article (some are listed at the back, such as \”Historical Records Taishi Gong\’s Preface\”), listed at the back of the book It is called \”Postscript\” or \”Postscript\”. This type of article is an expository essay or an argumentative essay depending on the content. It is an expository essay if it explains the purpose of writing, the writing style and content of the introduction. It comments on the author\’s works or elucidates the issues. They are argumentative essays. Such as \”Preface to the Lanting Collection\”, \”Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng\”, \”Preface to the Biography of Lingguan\”, etc. In ancient times, there was another kind of preface that was a farewell message, called \”Preface to Gifts\”, and the content was mostly about the relatives and friends who were given to them. Words of praise, praise or encouragement are parting words. For example, Song Lian\’s \”Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang\” is a preface written by the author to his fellow countrymen. There is also a preface written in front of the poem, called The \”preface to the poem\” mostly explains the relevant content of the story being chanted or the origin of the poem. For example, \”The Peacock Flies Southeast\” by Han Yuefu, Bai Juyi\’s \”Pipa Play\”, Jiang Kui\’s \”Yangzhou Slowness\”, etc., all have a preface at the beginning. surface,A document submitted to the emperor by his ministers in ancient times, such as the \”Chen Qing Biao\”, \”Chen Qing Biao\”, etc. Liu Xie said in \”Wen Xin Diao Long·Zhang Biao\”: \”The chapter is used to express gratitude, the memorial is used to impeach, the expression is expressed, and the discussion is used to implement differences.\” Parallel prose is also called \”parallel style prose\”, \”parallel prose\” or \”parallel prose\”. \”Parallel prose\”; because it often uses four-character and six-character sentences, it is also called \”four-liu prose\”. The whole article is mainly composed of double sentences (Haiju, even sentences), with neat contrasts. In terms of pronunciation, it pays attention to the use of level and harmonious rhythms; in terms of rhetoric, it pays attention to decoration and allusion. The Northern and Southern Dynasties were the heyday of parallel prose. Poetry part Guo Moruo, one of the founders of Chinese new poetry, one of the pioneers and founders of Chinese historical dramas, during the New Culture Movement, Guo Moruo, Tian Han, Yu Dafu, Zhang Ziping and others established the Creation Society, a literary society in Tokyo, advocating \”for art\” And art”. There are poetry collections \”Goddess\”, \”Starry Sky\”, \”Vase\”, \”Qianmao\”, \”Recovery\”, etc., historical plays \”Qu Yuan\”, \”Tiger Fu\”, \”Flower of Tangdi\”, \”Wang Zhaojun\”, \”Cai Wenji\”, etc. There are also various monographs on history and paleography, as well as collections of essays, essays, and literary criticism. Mu Dan, formerly known as Zha Liangzheng, is a poet and translator. He is a representative poet of the Nine-leaf Poetry School. His representative works include \”Eight Poems\”, \”Spring\”, \”Zan Mei\”, etc. His translation of \”Tang Juan\” was called \”Tang Juan\” by Bian Zhilin. \”One of the signs that China\’s translated poetry is coming of age\”, and there are many translations of poems such as Shelley\’s and Keats\’s. The textbook also includes works by many poets from the Nine-leaf School of Poetry, such as \”Window\” by Chen Jinrong, \”Well\” by Du Yunxie, and \”Golden Rice Bunch\” by Zheng Min. Liu Bannong, a famous modern writer, linguist and educator. He tried to write poems in spoken language and in dialect. His representative works include the poem \”Teach Me How to Miss Her\”, etc. In this poem, he invented the word \”she\” and included the word \”she\” in poetry for the first time. His collections of poems include \”The Collection of Wa Keu\” and \”The Collection of Yangbian\”. Wen Yiduo is a poet, scholar, democratic fighter, and representative poet of the Crescent Party. He proposed the new metrical poetry theory of the \”three beauties\” of poetry, namely the beauty of music, the beauty of painting, and the beauty of architecture. His representative works include the poetry collections \”Red Candle\” and \”Dead Water\”. \”wait. Feng Zhi, modern poet. There are poetry collections \”Songs of Yesterday\”, \”Northern Journey and Others\”, \”Collection of Fourteen Lines\”, \”Collection of Western Suburbs\”, etc., prose collections \”Landscape\”, \”Miscellaneous Notes on Eastern Europe\”, novella \”Wu Zixu\”, biography \”Du Fu\” \”Biography\”, essay collection \”Poetry and Heritage\”, etc. Lu Xun once called him the most outstanding lyric poet in China. Li Guangtian, essayist. His nickname is Xicen, and his pen names are Li Di, Xi Chen, etc. He once co-authored a poetry collection \”Hanyuan Collection\” with Peking University friends Bian Zhilin and He Qifang, and is known as the three poets of Hanyuan. The collections of works include \”Gallery Collection\”, \”Silver Fox Collection\”, \”Sparrow Collection\”, \”Outside the Circle\”, \”Echo\”, \”Essays on the Side of the Sun\”, etc. Ai Qing is one of the representative poets of modern Chinese poetry. Representative works include \”Dayan River, My Nanny\”, \”Snow Falls on the Land of China\”, etc. There are poetry collections such as \”Dayan River\”, \”North\”, \”Toward the Sun\”, \”Notice of Dawn\”, \”Returning Song\”, etc. Zang Kejia is an outstanding poet, famous writer and editor. His first collection of poems, \”Brand\”, is his most influential work. This collection of poems sincerely and simply expresses the decline of China\’s rural areas, the suffering and perseverance of farmers, and the worries of the nation. After the founding of the People\’s Republic of China, manyHe wrote political lyric poems, including representative works such as \”Someone\”. Shizhi, formerly known as Guo Lusheng, is a contemporary poet. His poems \”Believe in the Future\” and \”This is Beijing at 4:08\” written in 1968 were widely circulated among the educated youth at that time and had a profound influence. Shu Ting, contemporary poet. A representative figure of the Misty Poetry School. His major works include poetry collections \”Brig\”, \”Singing Irises\”, \”Archaeopteryx\”, and prose collections \”Heart Smoke\”, etc. Shu Ting emerged in the Chinese poetry circle in the late 1970s. She and her contemporaries Bei Dao (representative work \”Reply\”), Gu Cheng (representative work \”A Generation\”), Liang Xiaobin and other poets have made a name for themselves in the Chinese poetry circle with a poetic style that is very different from their predecessors. It set off a wave of \”misty poetry\”. Her poems with women as the lyrical subjects, such as \”To the Oak Tree\”, \”Hui\’an Women\”, and \”Goddess Peak\”, expressed her deep concern for the fate and personality independence of Chinese women. Liang Xiaobin is a representative poet of misty poetry. The poems \”China, My Key is Lost\” and \”Snow White Wall\” are listed as representative poems of hazy poetry in the new era. Chang Yao, a contemporary poet and one of the representatives of the New Frontier Poetry School. His representative works include \”Collection of Lyrical Poems by Chang Yao\” and \”The Book of Destiny – Selected Poems of Chang Yao in Forty Years\”, etc. His poems are distinguished by his profound experience of the \”Western\”. Taiwanese poet Ji Xian, an advocate of modern poetry, is one of the three veterans of Taiwanese poetry (the other two are Qin Zihao and Zhong Dingwen). Because of his long creative history, he is known as the \”evergreen tree in poetry\”. There are poetry collections such as \”The Strange Man Who Loves Clouds\”, \”Sad Days\”, \”Immortal Portrait\”, \”Uninhabited Island\”, \”Betel Nut Tree\”, \”Evening Scene\”, etc., and a collection of poetry theory \”Jixian Poetry Theory\”. Love, a Taiwanese poet, was a surrealist poet in his early years. His expression techniques were almost magical, and he was hailed as the \”Poetry Demon\” by the poetry circle. He and Yu Guangzhong have always been hailed as the Gemini constellation in the world of Chinese poetry. His representative works include \”Spiritual River\”, \”Death in the Stone Chamber\”, \”Waiwai Collection\”, \”The Bankless River\”, \”Poet\’s Mirror\”, \”The Wound of Time\”, etc. Yan Xian, a Taiwanese poet. Yan Xian\’s works are full of surrealism. Among the famous celebrities who emerged in Taiwan in the 1960s, his poems are the most lively and musical in spoken language, and can best express compassion, the sweetness of life and the exploration of the dilemma of modern people\’s lives. . There are poetry collections such as \”Abyss\”, \”Wanxian Poetry Collection\”, \”Wanxian Poetry Collection\”, etc. Yu Guangzhong is a contemporary writer and poet. He is the author of poetry collections \”The Zhouzi\’s Elegy\”, \”Blue Feathers\”, \”Stalactites\”, \”Halloween\”, \”White Jade Bitter Melon\”, etc., as well as essay collections \”The Muse of the Left Hand\”, \”Listen to That\” Cold Rain\” etc. The trajectory of Yu Guangzhong\’s writing style changes can be seen as the trend of the entire Chinese poetry world, that is, first Westernization and then return. In the 1980s, his poetic pen \”reached back to the continent\” and wrote many emotional nostalgia poems, such as \”Nostalgia\” and \”Nostalgia\”. \”Four Rhymes\” etc. The prose part is written by Mao Dun, whose original name was Shen Dehong and whose courtesy name was Yan Bing. A famous modern Chinese writer, literary critic, cultural activist and social activist, one of the pioneers of the May 4th New Culture Movement and one of the founders of my country\’s revolutionary literature and art. He is the author of the \”Eclipse\” trilogy: \”Disillusionment\”, \”Shakedown\”, and \”Pursue\”, the \”Rural Trilogy\”: \”Spring Silkworms\”, \”Autumn Harvest\”, \”Last Winter\”, and the novels \”Midnight\” and \”Lin\’s Shop\” wait. Lin Yutang, a famous scholar, writer, linguist, the main representative of the Analects of Confucius, and a master of Chinese and Western studies. Lin Yutang\’s important characteristics as a cultural messenger can be well summarized by the couplet in Lin Yutang\’s study: \”With both feet on Chinese and Western culture, devoted to commenting on articles about the universe.\” His representative works include prose and essay collections \”My Country and My People\” (also known as \”The Chinese\”), \”The Wisdom of Confucius\”, \”Jian Fu Collection\”, \”Da Huang Collection\”, \”Splendid Collection\”, \”The Art of Living\”, etc. , novel collection \”Beijing Smoke and Clouds\”, biographies \”The Biography of Su Dongpo\”, \”The Biography of Wu Zetian\”, etc. Feng Zikai is a modern Chinese painter, essayist, art educator, music educator, cartoonist and translator. His representative works include the comic collection \”Zikai Cartoon\”, the essay collection \”Yuanyuantang Essays\”, \”Yuanyuantang Zai\” Pen\” etc. The style of his articles is elegant and indifferent, and his comics mostly focus on children, which are humorous and reflect social phenomena. Wang Zengqi, a famous modern and contemporary novelist, essayist, and successor of the Beijing School of Novels, is known as \”China\’s last scholar-bureaucrat\”. His representative works include the short stories \”Da Nao Chronicles\”, \”Being Ordained\”, and \”Yibing\”, and the essay collection \”Puqiao\”. \”Collection\”, Peking Opera \”Shajiabang\” (screenwriter), etc. Most of his novels are based on folk customs and daily life, with natural and lively language; fresh and simple writing style; elegant and beautiful artistic conception. His prose depicts folk customs and customs, vividly and vividly, and contains deep emotions for the national cultural tradition. Shi Tiesheng, contemporary essayist and novelist. He is the author of collections of essays such as \”Broken Pens in the Sickness\” and \”Me and the Temple of Earth\”, as well as novels such as \”My Distant Qingping Bay\” and \”Life is Like a String\”. Yu Qiuyu, scholar and writer. He is the author of a series of prose collections such as \”Cultural Journey\”, \”Notes of Mountain Dwelling\”, \”Frost-Cold River\”, \”A Sigh of a Thousand Years\”, \”Walker Without Borders\”, etc. Zhang Chengzhi is a Hui nationality and a contemporary writer. In the 1980s and 1990s, he was known as an idealistic spiritual wanderer. In his early days, he used grassland life as the theme and drew spiritual nourishment from the earth and the people. Later, he combined personal ideals with religious beliefs and began his An exploration of the survival of the Hui people and their belief in God. His representative works include the novel collections \”The Black Horse\”, \”The River of the North\”, and \”The Yellow Mud Cabin\”; the novels \”The Golden Pasture\” and \”The History of the Soul\”; and the essay collections \”The Deserted Heroic Road\” and \”The Clean Spirit\”. Studying Chinese Cultural Classics Ancient Chinese classics can be divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji. The Sutras are mainly Confucian classics. The History Department refers to the \”official history\”, \”unofficial history notes\” and other historical books compiled by the imperial court or approved by the imperial court. Zibu refers to specialized works other than classics and history. The Collection Department includes various books that collect works of different genres by writers from past dynasties, mainly poetry. 1. Classics: The Four Books and Five Classics – \”Poetry\”, \”Book\”, \”Li\”, \”Yi\” and \”Spring and Autumn\” are collectively called the \”Five Classics\”, and \”The Analects\”, \”Mencius\”, \”Great Learning\” and \”The Doctrine of the Mean\” are collectively called \”Five Classics\”. Called the \”Four Books\”. \”The Great Learning\” and \”The Doctrine of the Mean\” were originally two chapters in the \”Book of Rites\”. By the Song Dynasty, there was the term \”Thirteen Classics\”, which included \”Book of Changes\”, \”Shangshu\”, \”Book of Songs\”, \”Zhou Rites\”, \”Rituals\”, \”Book of Rites\”, \”Zuo Zhuan\”, \”Gongyang Zhuan\”, \”Gu Liang Zhuan\”, \”The Analects of Confucius\”, \”The Classic of Filial Piety\”, \”Mencius\” and \”Erya\”. 2. History: \”Twenty-Four Histories\” refers to theThere are twenty-four biographical history books from \”Historical Records\”, \”Hanshu\”, \”Later Hanshu\”, \”Three Kingdoms\”, \”Jin Shu\”, \”Song Shu\” to \”Ming History\”. These history books are usually regarded as \”official history\”. In addition to official history, the chronological history book \”Zi Zhi Tong Jian\” edited by Sima Guang, and my country\’s first historical theory monograph \”Shi Tong\” written by Liu Zhiji of the Tang Dynasty also had great influence. 3. Zi: Includes specialized works other than classics and history, such as \”Laozi\”, \”Zhuangzi\”, \”Mozi\”, \”Han Feizi\”, etc. Categories include 14 categories including Confucianism, military strategists, legalists, farmers, doctors, astronomical algorithms, arithmetic, art, genealogy, miscellaneous books, books, novelists, Buddhism, and Taoism. 4. Collections: Collections of personal works are called \”different collections\”, such as Bai Juyi\’s \”Bai Shi Changqing Collection\” and Ouyang Xiu\’s \”Collected Works of Ouyang Wenzhong\”. A collection of everyone\’s works is called a \”collection\”. The earliest existing collection of poems and essays in my country is the \”Selected Works\” compiled by Xiao Tong of the Liang Dynasty. \”Complete Tang Texts\” and \”Complete Tang Poems\” are also relatively famous collections. 5. Six arts: namely \”Poetry\”, \”Book\”, \”Li\”, \”Yi\”, \”Music\” and \”Spring and Autumn\”. Since the \”Yue Jing\” was not passed down, it was changed to the \”Five Classics\”. 6. \”Sikuquanshu\” is the largest series of books in Chinese history. The compilation began during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and lasted for 15 years. The whole book is divided into four parts: Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji, hence the name Siku. 7. The Analects is a Confucian classic that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. Confucius, named Qiu and styled Zhongni, was a native of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. He compiled my country\’s first chronological history book, the Spring and Autumn Annals. Confucius emphasized the doctrines of \”propriety\” and \”benevolence\”. 8. \”Mencius\”, as one of the classics of the Confucian school, embodies Mencius\’s thoughts in a concentrated way. Mencius, whose name was Ke and whose courtesy name was Ziyu, was a native of Lu during the Warring States Period and was revered as \”The Lesser Sage\”. Meng Ke is another representative figure of the Pre-Qin Confucian school after Confucius. 9. \”Laozi\” reflects Taoist thought. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Laozi further clarified that \”Tao\” is the origin of all things in the world, and \”Tao follows nature\” based on the \”Book of Changes\”. Therefore, Laozi advocates letting everything take its course and \”ruling by doing nothing.\” Zhuang Zhou during the Warring States Period was another important Taoist scholar after Laozi. Zhuangzi advocated \”the unity of nature and man\” and \”quietness and inaction\”. 10. \”Shangshu\” is my country\’s earliest historical collection and the original material for studying the social politics of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Comprehensive knowledge of ancient Chinese literature for grades 1 to 6 of primary school Chinese [ancient poems, extracurricular masterpieces] 11. \”Spring and Autumn\” set a precedent for private history writing. It is my country\’s first chronicle. Because of its obscure language and simple expression, many scholars The most famous of his writings and interpretations are the three biographies of \”Spring and Autumn\”: \”Zuo Shi Zhuan\”, \”Gongyang Zhuan\” and \”Gu Liang Zhuan\”. 12. Spring and Autumn calligraphy, also called \”Spring and Autumn calligraphy\” or \”Micro words and great meanings\”, is a historical narrative method and technique in ancient my country. It uses etiquette and law as the standard, is clear and concise in right and wrong, and implicitly expresses the moral judgment of historical figures and events, so as to achieve the purpose of confirming facts and admonishing punishment. 13. The Tan Sutra is the only work revered as a \”Sutra\” written by a Han eminent monk in the history of Buddhism. It records the deeds of Hui Neng, a Zen sect in the Tang Dynasty, who obtained the Dharma and spread his teachings. It was written by his disciplesCollection of Fa Hai. 14. \”Qiu Admonition\” is selected from \”Zhenguan Zhengyao\”, which is a historical work recording Li Shimin\’s political achievements and the political discussions between monarchs and ministers. The book has 40 chapters, combined into eight volumes, and was written by Wu Jing, a historian in the Tang Dynasty. 15. \”Ming Yi Waiting for Visits\” is a masterpiece of enlightenment thought by Chinese philosopher Huang Zongxi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ming Yi was named after the \”Book of Changes\”. The book sharply criticized the feudal monarchy and advocated that \”the world is the main one, and the king As a guest\”. Together with Gu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi, he is known as the three major thinkers in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties (or the three major Confucian scholars in the early Qing Dynasty), and is also known as the \”Father of Chinese Ideological Enlightenment\”. 16. \”Zhu Xi Yu Lei\” is a collection of quotations from Zhu Xi\’s questions and answers with his disciples. Zhu Xi, courtesy name Yuanhui and nickname Hui\’an, was a Neo-Confucian and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhu Xi is the master of Neo-Confucianism and one of the main representatives of Confucianism in China\’s feudal era. His academic thoughts have been the official philosophy of the ruling class during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. His main proposition is \”to fulfill human desires and restore the principles of nature.\” 17. Gu Yanwu, a famous thinker, historian and linguist in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Scholars respectfully call him Mr. Ting Lin. He spent his whole life writing \”Rizhilu\”, \”Five Books on Phonetics\” and \”Ting Lin\”. \”Collected Poems of Lin\” and so on. Gu Yanwu\’s discussion of the people\’s responsibilities was summarized by Liang Qichao into eight words: \”Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world.\” 18. The Qianjia School is an academic field that gradually developed and matured in the ideological and academic fields during the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods of the Qing Dynasty, and used textual research as its main method of scholarship. The school is also known as Sinology and textual criticism, and Gu Yanwu was the pioneer. 19. The author of \”The Theory of Childlike Innocence\” is Li Zhi, a thinker and literary critic in the Ming Dynasty. He opposed taking Confucius\’s view of right and wrong as the standard of right and wrong, and expressed full affirmation of human desires. His thoughts have been highly praised by some scholars as China\’s \”literature and art\”. revival\”. 20. Wang Guowei, the author of \”Human Words\”, is a famous scholar at the turn of modern China and a master of Chinese studies who has learned both Chinese and Western knowledge. 21. The first rigorously systematic monograph on literary theory in the history of Chinese literary theory criticism is \”The Literary Mind and the Diaolong\” written by Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasties, with a total of 10 volumes and 50 articles. 22. \”Shipin\” written by Zhong Rong is the first literary criticism monograph to criticize poetry. It criticizes 122 poets from the Han Dynasty to the Liang Dynasty. The poems discussed are mainly five-character poems, which are regarded as the ancestors of ancient poetry. 23. Scientific and technological works: In terms of agriculture, \”Qi Min Yaoshu\” in the Northern Wei Dynasty marks the maturity of the ancient agricultural system. Xu Guangqi\’s \”Agricultural Policy Complete Book\” in the Ming Dynasty is a comprehensive work on ancient agriculture; in terms of mathematics, \”Nine Chapters\” in the Han Dynasty Arithmetic\” is a classic work representing the ancient Chinese mathematical system; in medicine, Zhang Zhongjing\’s Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Han Dynasty established the basis of traditional Chinese medicine therapy; in medicine, Li Shizhen\’s \”Compendium of Materia Medica\” in the Ming Dynasty was the foundation of the Han Dynasty. It is the pinnacle work of materia medica since then; in terms of physical geography, Li Daoyuan\’s \”Shui Jing Zhu\” and Xu Xiake\’s \”Xu Xiake\’s Travels\” in the Ming Dynasty both have high scientific value; in terms of architecture, Li Jie\’s \”Zhuo Fa Shi\” in the Song Dynasty is also of great scientific value. It focuses on extremely high-level construction technology; as for \”Tiangong Kaiwu\” written by Song Yingxing of the Ming Dynasty, it is a comprehensive summary of various types of science and technology.