In today\’s information-rich world, many people already know that anemia is a common complication for expectant mothers during pregnancy. After pregnancy, due to the increased demand for oxygen in the expectant mother\’s body, metabolism accelerates, and at the same time, the baby and placenta develop in the womb. Growth increases blood volume. In the increased blood, plasma increases more than red blood cells, thus forming the phenomenon of blood dilution during pregnancy. This is a normal physiological process. Medically, it is called physiological anemia, and most of it is iron deficiency anemia. However, long-term anemia, if not detected and treated in time during prenatal check-ups, will have an impact on both mother and baby.
Among them, mild anemia has less impact on the mother and baby after pregnancy; severe anemia can increase maternal pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, infection, and even anemic heart failure, but has a greater impact on the fetus, such as The incidence rates of premature birth, fetal dysplasia, and intrauterine distress are all increased.
The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is closely related to gestational age. The prevalence of anemia among urban pregnant women before 13 weeks of pregnancy is 16.4%, with a peak between 28 and 37 weeks of pregnancy. The prevalence of anemia is 41.4%, but at 37 weeks of pregnancy, the prevalence of anemia is 16.4%. dropped to 32%.
Female friends who are anemic before pregnancy need to be cautious. Data show that about 1/3 of non-pregnant and non-lactating women in my country are anemic, while nearly half of lactating and pregnant women are anemic. The anemia situation among women of childbearing age in my country is relatively prominent. The anemia situation among nursing mothers and pregnant women is more serious than that among non-pregnant and non-nursing women. Therefore, if a woman has anemia before pregnancy, she should seek consultation before pregnancy, find out the cause and degree of anemia, and make evaluation and treatment to avoid worsening of anemia after pregnancy and even endangering the safety of mother and baby.
For iron deficiency anemia and malnutrition anemia, it will soon improve after supplementing iron and nutrition, and you can plan to conceive when the blood count is normal; anemia caused by chronic blood loss, such as menstruation Multiple diseases, hemorrhoids, etc. should also be actively treated before pregnancy. Do not extend long-term chronic blood loss into pregnancy, which will aggravate anemia. Conceive after recovery.
For this type of patients, I also have a relatively simple self-examination method.
What needs to be reminded here is that unlike the anemia we mentioned above, some anemia patients need to work harder than others if they want to become mothers.
Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia, referred to as \”aplastic anemia\”, is a group of bone marrow dysfunction caused by a variety of causes. A syndrome in which pancytopenia is the main manifestation. The exact cause is not yet clear, but it is known that the onset of aplastic anemia is related to chemicalIt is related to drugs, radiation, viral infection and genetic factors. It can occur in all age groups, but it is more common in young adults. It is divided into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia according to the onset and course of the disease.
However, among patients with aplastic anemia, women account for the majority. As women, being a mother may be the most important and most desirable thing in their lives. However, due to the condition of aplastic anemia, disease, this thought may become a luxury. Patients with aplastic anemia can become pregnant, but if the blood test indicators are very low, they are not suitable for pregnancy.
Since many drugs cannot be used after pregnancy, and as the pregnancy months increase, the burden on the human body will become larger and larger. Excessive anemia will affect both the fetus and the pregnant woman. Experts recommend that after patients with aplastic anemia are cured, they should stop taking medication for a period of time before considering pregnancy, in order to facilitate the healthy growth of the baby. Within 3 months of pregnancy, if the hemoglobin is less than 40g/L, it is recommended to terminate the pregnancy. In the middle and late stages, supportive treatment will be strengthened. The survival rate of pregnant women is almost 100%.
For those patients with aplastic anemia who are pregnant, they should be given a high-protein diet and vitamin supplements; in order to ensure the fetal oxygen supply, the hemoglobin should be maintained above 80g/L. If it is too low, a small amount can be discontinued during pregnancy. blood transfusion to maintain the normal needs of the mother and fetus. At the same time, bone marrow transplantation is absolutely contraindicated for pregnant women because large doses of immunosuppressants and cytotoxic drugs are required before transplantation, which is very detrimental to the growth of the fetus. In addition, androgen therapy should not be used during pregnancy.
Thalassemia
For couples with thalassemia, having a healthy child is the greatest luxury in life. So, can thalassemia carriers give birth to healthy children? The answer is: if you do a good job of screening, you can still give birth to a healthy baby.
If both couples are thalassemia minor patients (thalassemia gene carriers), after pregnancy, the genetic probability of the offspring is: 1/4 will be a normal fetus, and 1/2 will be thalassemia minor. (Same as parents), and 1/4 are patients with thalassemia major. The inheritance of thalassemia has nothing to do with gender. The probability of developing male and female fetuses is equal. Only one partner of a couple has thalassemia minor, and the fetus they carry has only 1/2 chance of having thalassemia minor, and the remaining 1/2 is a normal fetus. Will not conceive a fetus with thalassemia major.
Couples who have not been tested for thalassemia before marriage are required to undergo early screening and early diagnosis after pregnancy. Abortion after diagnosis is currently the only way to prevent the birth of a fetus with thalassemia major and ensure the safety of the mother. When a fetus with high-risk thalassemia is confirmed after genetic counseling, genetic testing should be performed as soon as possible through amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. It is important to receive genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis once you become pregnant.
Couples with thalassemia should be cautious about taking iron supplements if they are found to have mild anemia during physical examination. It is necessary to first clarify whether it is iron deficiency anemia or thalassemiaBlood. Anemia caused by thalassemia is caused by excessive destruction of red blood cells. At this time, the release of iron from red blood cells increases, and there is no iron deficiency at all. Instead, some severe patients are overloaded with iron, leading to siderosis and changes in liver and kidney function. Therefore, when pregnant women are diagnosed with thalassemia, they should not take iron supplements.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading. It is excerpted from \”Very Good Pregnancy: You Can Get Pregnant by Doing This\” Author: Yu Yue\’e