As the nurturing side of the fetus, the expectant mother’s pre-pregnancy check-up is very important. This is not only related to the health of the child, but also related to the smooth growth of the fetus throughout the pregnancy and the health of the pregnant woman throughout the pregnancy.
Three to six months before pregnancy, the expectant mother is given corresponding time in terms of nutrition, vaccination and folic acid supplementation. Once other problems are discovered during pre-pregnancy examination, there is still time for intervention and treatment. The best time for expectant mothers to have a pre-pregnancy check-up is within 3 to 7 days after menstruation. It is best not to have sex during this period, and to ensure that there is no sexual life for at least 3 days. Make sure to have a good rest the day before the check-up and ensure that you are energetic. Do not wash your vagina.
1. [Routine examination items for expectant mothers]
1. Blood routine (blood type):This test can not only know the level of hemoglobin. If there is anemia, it can be treated first. Because if the mother is anemic, not only will complications such as postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal infection occur, but it will also affect the baby, causing the baby to be susceptible to infection, have reduced resistance, and suffer from delayed growth and development. And you can also get the value of platelets. Platelets are related to coagulation function. Too many or too few can lead to bleeding. Therefore, people with platelet problems must first undergo treatment before they are suitable for pregnancy. This test also measures red blood cell size (MCV), which can help detect thalassemia carriers. Thalassemia carriers will have fewer red blood cells and an MCV less than 80. This disease is a recessive genetic disease. Only if both parents are gene carriers will it affect the next generation. Therefore, if the MCV of the expectant mother is less than 80, the expectant father must also have his blood drawn. If both parties are less than 80, further examinations such as blood electrophoresis and DNA testing are required. If only one party has an MCV less than 80, there is no need to worry. This is a genetic disease that can be diagnosed prenatally, so in recent years there have been very few newborns suffering from thalassemia. Therefore, a general blood count test (CBC) can be said to be a low-cost test with important results.
2. Urine routine: Helps in the early diagnosis of kidney disease. The ten-month pregnancy is a huge test for the mother’s kidney system.The increase in metabolic rate will increase the burden on the kidneys. If kidney disease is present, the consequences can be serious.
3. Deformity examination: Including rubella, Toxoplasma gondii, and cytomegalovirus. 60% to 70% of women will be infected with the rubella virus. Once infected, especially in the first three months of pregnancy, it can cause miscarriage and fetal malformations. The test can be done by drawing blood from a vein.
4. Liver function (two and a half pairs): Diagnosis of various types of hepatitis and liver damage. The three major transmission routes of hepatitis B are sexual transmission, blood transmission and mother-to-child transmission. If the mother is a patient with viral hepatitis but is not detected in time, it will cause very serious consequences after pregnancy, such as premature birth and even neonatal death. Although hepatitis B itself is not passed on to the fetus, even if the mother is highly infectious or a hepatitis B antigen carrier, the newborn can still receive immune globulin immediately after birth. However, the hepatitis virus can still be transmitted directly to children.
5. Chest fluoroscopy/photography: Diagnosis of lung diseases such as tuberculosis. Pregnancy of women with tuberculosis will limit the use of treatment drugs, affecting treatment. Moreover, tuberculosis often worsens due to postpartum fatigue, and there is a risk of transmitting it to the child. It is best to conduct this examination at an earlier time, and it is best to wait 6 months after receiving an X-ray examination before getting pregnant, because X-rays are also a major cause of fetal teratogenesis.
6. Gynecological endocrine examination: Diagnose ovarian diseases such as irregular menstruation. For example, in women with ovarian tumors, even if the tumors are benign, the enlargement of the uterus after pregnancy often affects the observation of the tumors, and may even lead to risks such as miscarriage and premature birth.
7. Leucorrhea routine: Screen for trichomonas, mold, and bacterial infections. Common vaginitis include Trichomonas vaginitis, Candida albicans vaginitis, etc. Vaginitis often causes miscarriage, premature birth, premature rupture of membranes and other hazards, and causes infections in newborns. Therefore, attention should be paid to the treatment of vaginitis before and during pregnancy.
8. Chromosome testing: Early detection of genetic diseases such as Klinefelter\’s syndrome and Turner\’s syndrome. Fertility disorder.
2. [Recommended inspection items for expectant mothers]
1. Syphilis serological test and HIV test:These are two tests for sexually transmitted diseases . Syphilis can affect the fetus, but as long as syphilis is completely cured, pregnancy can be safe. The three main transmission routes of AIDS are the same as those of hepatitis B, but the risk of infecting babies is greater, and once infected, there is no cure.
2. Measles antibody test: Measles during pregnancy can cause fetal abnormalities, so expectant mothers without antibodies It is best for everyone to get the measles vaccine first, but it should be noted that you cannot get pregnant within 3 months after vaccination, so you must take contraceptive measures.
3. Cervical scraping examination: There are often stories of cervical cancer being discovered only during pregnancy. , so a simple cervical scraping examination can make expectant mothers feel more at ease during pregnancy. After all, a good uterus can give birth to a healthy fetus.
3. [Diseases that expectant mothers need to pay attention to]
1. Hypertension: When placental villus ischemia is severe, it can lead to villus necrosis, bleeding, and early placental detachment, which is a serious complication. disease, directly threatening the lives of mothers and infants. Therefore, women with hypertension must undergo careful examination and treatment before planning to become pregnant, and seek medical advice on whether they can become pregnant.
2. Diabetes:Diabetes is a highly hereditary disease. Even if the mother does not show specific symptoms before pregnancy, in fact, the mother already carries the diabetes gene at birth, and under various inducements, the disease gene will show symptoms. Pregnancy is one of the triggers. Therefore, before pregnancy, it is necessary to inquire whether any immediate relatives have diabetes. Diabetes in pregnant women can cause miscarriage, premature delivery, gestosis, polyhydramnios, and fetal macrosomia. Therefore, women with a family history of diabetes should go to the internal medicine department for diagnosis before pregnancy, and the pregnancy status will be determined based on the examination results. Women who are not suitable for pregnancy but are pregnant should terminate the pregnancy as soon as possible.
3. Kidney disease: Because pregnancy increases the burden on the kidneys, it will aggravate kidney disease. At the same time, due to kidney disease, the function of the kidneys has declined. For the mother,The development of the fetus in the body is affected. In severe cases, fetal growth retardation may occur, and miscarriage, stillbirth, and stillbirth may also occur.
If you have suffered from nephritis and have basically recovered after treatment, and your urine protein is only trace or occasionally \”+\”, your kidney function has returned to normal, and your blood pressure is stable, you can discuss pregnancy with your doctor. Once you become pregnant, you must strengthen monitoring and pay special attention to health care, such as paying attention to rest and increasing the time in bed, and eating a diet rich in protein and vitamins. Doctors must monitor you throughout pregnancy to detect pregnancy-induced hypertension early and take timely control measures.
If you have chronic nephritis accompanied by high blood pressure, or proteinuria above \”++\”, not only will it easily lead to fetal death after pregnancy, but it will also increase the burden on kidney function, making pregnancy very dangerous. Therefore, it is not suitable to become pregnant when the condition is not under control to a certain extent.
4. Anemia: If you are found to have anemia before pregnancy, you must first find out the cause and determine whether it is anemia. Which cause is the anemia and then treat it. Anemia is a common complication of pregnancy. Some existing anemia conditions are aggravated by pregnancy, and some occur after pregnancy. Anemia has an impact on both mother and child. Mild anemia has less impact on mother and child after pregnancy. Severe anemia can increase maternal pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, infection, and even anemic heart failure, but has a greater impact on the fetus. , such as leading to an increase in the incidence of premature birth, fetal dysplasia, fetal distress, etc. Therefore, if a woman has anemia before pregnancy, she should seek consultation before pregnancy, find out the cause and degree of anemia, and make evaluation and treatment to avoid worsening of anemia after pregnancy and even endangering the safety of mother and baby.
5. Heart disease:Heart problems are a taboo for pregnant women. The most common one is supraventricular tachycardia, which is medically known as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. When there is no attack, the patient is normal; when there is an attack, it will cause a series of problems such as tachycardia and hypotension. The patient\’s heartbeat can reach as fast as 200 beats/minute, which can easily cause insufficient blood supply to the brain and heart. For pregnant women, not only the patient is injured, but the development of the fetus will also be affected. Therefore, women who plan to become mothers must do a pre-pregnancy check-up. If signs such as tachycardia are found, they should be treated as soon as possible.
6. Periodontitis: Almost 12% of babies in the United States are born before 37 weeks Premature babies, some of which are caused by mothers suffering from dental disease. Data show that pregnant women with severe periodontitis have a risk of premature delivery that is eight times higher than those with healthy periodontal disease. Inadequate gestation increases the mortality and birth defects of these babies, such as mental retardation, cerebral palsy, vision and hearing loss, etc.
After pregnancy, due to changes in sex hormones in the body, the gumsEasy to become congested and swollen. If periodontal disease exists before pregnancy, periodontal inflammation will be more serious after pregnancy, causing pregnant women to experience faster than normal labor pains in the third trimester of pregnancy, and the degree will increase, thus causing the fetus to be born prematurely before it is fully developed, and she has to use drug. However, there are many restrictions on the use of medication at this time, and a little carelessness will affect the normal development of the fetus. Therefore, dental disease must be cured before pregnancy before pregnancy.
4. [Precautions for expectant mothers during examination]
1. Eat a light diet 3 to 5 days before the physical examination, and do not eat blood-containing foods such as pig liver and pig blood. Do not eat or drink after 24:00 the night before the examination.
2. There is a gynecological B-ultrasound examination in the pre-pregnancy examination. This examination needs to be done when the bladder is full. Therefore, you must hold in your urine before the B-ultrasound examination. During the examination, it is best to do a blood test first, and finally do a B-ultrasound examination. At this time, you can replenish a lot of water and accumulate urine.
3. When doing X-ray examination, wear cotton underwear, and do not wear clothes or bras with metal buttons; if you have necklaces, mobile phones, pens, keys and other metal objects on your body, you must remove them.
In fact, pre-pregnancy check-up is very simple. It usually only takes half a day to complete. It can be done in any hospital, physical examination institution, or maternal and child health center. Eugenic check-up can basically cover the content of pre-marital check-up, such as physical examination. , gynecological genital examination, chronic disease examination, etc. However, test items such as cytomegalovirus infection in women and saliva and chromosomes for male chromosomal imbalance are not included in the premarital examination. If necessary, you can apply to the doctor separately.
In order to have a safe pregnancy and give birth to a healthy baby, it is recommended that young couples must take care of this for their families. They should not skip pre-pregnancy check-ups just because they pass the pre-marital check-up. Many newlyweds do not have children immediately after marriage due to various reasons. Everything is normal for the couple during the premarital examination, but by the time the wife becomes pregnant, a period of time has often elapsed, and at this time the health status of the couple has changed. Clinically, we often encounter pregnant women who are in the third trimester of pregnancy when problems are detected. They are often in a dilemma whether to preserve the fetus or induce labor, which causes great harm to the pregnant woman and her family. If a comprehensive examination can be carried out before pregnancy, some troubles can be completely avoided.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading. It is excerpted from \”Very Good Pregnancy: You Can Get Pregnant by Doing This\” Author: Yu Yue\’e