For a normal healthy man, the amount of semen ejaculated during each sexual intercourse is 1.5 to 6 ml. If the semen volume is abnormal, it will show the following two situations: First, too little semen, if it is less than 1 ml , at this time there is likely to be obstruction of the seminal tract;The second is excessive semen, exceeding 8 ml.
Seminal plasma is the medium and source of nutrients for sperm. Seminal plasma contains buffer substances that stabilize the pH of semen, which can protect sperm from surviving in acidic vaginal secretions. Since sperm only account for 1% of the semen volume, when the semen volume is abnormal, it is undoubtedly the result of significant changes in the composition of the seminal plasma. If the amount of semen is too small, the seminal plasma cannot dilute the sperm in the epididymis, and the sperm often loses its vitality and loses its function due to insufficient energy substances and media required for sperm activity. In this way, the sperm cannot pass through the cervix and enter the fallopian tube for fertilization, thus causing infertility. ; On the contrary, when there is too much semen, the sperm density decreases. At the same time, because the semen is too thin, it is easy to drain from the vagina, causing the number of sperm to decrease rapidly, which is not conducive to pregnancy.
When the amount of semen discharged is less than 1 ml, or even only 2 to 3 drops, it is clinically called low semen volume. About 2% of male infertile patients have low semen volume. Under normal circumstances, a normal male\’s ejaculation volume is 2 to 6 ml each time. The amount of ejaculation has a certain relationship with the frequency of ejaculation. The reasons for decreased semen are: ① Ejaculatory duct obstruction or congenital lack of seminal vesicles; ② Leydig cell disease of the pituitary gland or testicles, resulting in reduced gonadotropin or reduced estrogen, resulting in reduced semen production; ③ Infectious diseases in the reproductive tract, also It can cause damage to accessory gonad function and reduce semen production.
When analyzing the reasons for the reduction of seminal plasma, it is worth noting that: first, the influence of too short abstinence time should be excluded. Because when sexual intercourse is too frequent, the components of seminal plasma are in short supply, and semen can be significantly reduced. If the volume of semen suddenly increases after 5 to 7 days of abstinence, it means that the previous test result is indeed excessive sexual intercourse. Secondly, if the semen retrieval technique is not mastered properly, the semen will be lost, which may also cause the false impression that the semen volume is too small. Some patients cannot extract semen through masturbation. If the timing of semen extraction is not mastered well during sexual intercourse, the semen will be lost, which will affect the test results. If the above two factors are eliminated, then the main reasons for low semen volume are as follows:
(1) Accessory gonad factors. Due to the neuroendocrine axis system of the body, especially the dysfunction of the testicles, the patient suffers from insufficient androgen secretion, causing the epididymis, seminal vesicles, and anteriorThe accessory gland organs such as the prostate are underdeveloped or have secondary atrophy and cannot secrete a sufficient amount of semen normally, thus affecting the reproductive function. Treatment is often difficult. Human chorionic chronic adenocarcinoma can be tried, with 1,000 units injected every other day for a total of 4 weeks. When infection or other lesions occur in the accessory sex glands, especially the fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles and prostate, which can account for 95% of the seminal plasma volume, once severe inflammation occurs, the seminal plasma volume will increase or decrease significantly. Treatment focuses on eliminating the infection and restoring its normal secretory function. Commonly used medicines include Cialisin tablets, one tablet each time, twice a day; or oral Mesunide, 100 mg each time, twice a day, taken after meals.
(2) Ejaculatory duct obstruction can be caused by urethral stricture, urethral diverticulum, or infection and edema. The infection can be eliminated during treatment, and if necessary, surgical treatment can be performed to relieve the problem of blocked sperm ejaculation. Other causes include seminal vesicle tumors or cysts, vas deferens duct damage after surgery, etc.
(3) If there is bladder sphincter dysfunction or local innervation disorder, partial retrograde ejaculation may occur. Treatment can be to give sympathomimetic drugs; or to collect urine, centrifuge, wash or take alkaline drugs to adjust the urine pH from normal acidity to alkaline, and then perform artificial insemination.
Excessive semen volume can be seen in seminal vesiculitis. When there is too much inflammatory secretion, the seminal vesicle fluid increases significantly. Most patients with oligozoospermia of unknown origin can use segmented ejaculation (the semen ejaculated in the first segment contains more sperm) and centrifugal sperm separation to collect sperm. After centrifuging the semen to concentrate the sperm, artificial insemination can be performed. If these two methods can achieve curative effect, they may bring good news to patients with dilutive oligozoospermia.
Normal semen is in a liquefied state when ejaculated, and then immediately forms a jelly-like or clotted state. After 5 to 20 minutes in a 37°C water bath, the semen changes from a coagulated state to a liquefied state. This phenomenon is known as It’s called semen liquefaction. If this process takes more than 1 hour, it is called prolonged semen liquefaction time. The coagulation of semen is caused by the production of coagulation proteins in the seminal vesicles. Liquefaction is the result of the action of a series of proteolytic enzymes, that is, liquefaction factors, secreted by the prostate. Therefore, inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles disrupts their secretion function, causing semen coagulation factors to increase or liquefaction factors to decrease, resulting in semen not liquefying. The lack of liquefaction of semen causes sperm to be trapped in a network of mucus, hindering their ability to move in the female reproductive tract, thus causing male infertility.
Finally, if the patient\’s testicles are underdeveloped, the ejaculatory duct is completely blocked, there is no ejaculation, or retrograde ejaculation, there will be no semen discharge at all.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading and is excerpted from \”The Clear \”Conception\” Plan\” Author: Sun Jianqiu and Xie Yingbiao