Cheng Hongbing: This way of teaching is called giving the classroom back to the students

You must have your own judgment and thinking about teaching materials. In the past, we taught about teaching materials, what teachers did in class, who taught, and what books they taught. They were teaching textbooks and teaching materials. We would say what the teaching materials said, and we would teach how the teaching materials said it. , and later it became that we would just say whatever the teacher said. When teachers prepare lessons, they prepare teaching materials and transform the content of the teaching materials into teaching content. Later, we discovered a problem, that is, there are many teaching aids on the market. This teaching aids are secondary and tertiary processing based on the teaching materials. , in this way, the students will basically know what our teacher wants to say, and the teacher will be embarrassed. Today we are not talking about teaching textbooks. Let’s change the concept to using textbooks to teach, using textbooks to teach people, and using textbooks to teach students. What does it mean to use textbooks to teach people? It’s not that we teach whatever the textbooks have, but that we teach what students need. We teach according to the needs of students. The teaching structure is not chosen based on the structure of the teaching materials, but the teaching structure and rules are determined based on the students\’ psychological structure and students\’ behavioral rules. This sentence is very abstract and difficult to understand. If you expand it, everyone will understand. First, what do students already know? As a teacher, you only need to check what the students already know. We have found that many teachers have problems in this link. What is wrong with them? Children already know things, but they are still nagging and nagging endlessly. He kept talking. Second, what do students don’t understand? But please note that students can understand some things by themselves after reading the textbook. The student\’s brain is not a blank. If it is a blank, you only need to fill it in. Students do not understand, but they can understand some content by themselves after reading the textbook. Just let him read the textbook. After reading it, let him summarize it and refine it. If he can\’t summarize it well, you can help him. If he can\’t refine it well, you can help him. Third, what is it that students don’t understand, even after reading the textbook, and they need cooperative learning to understand it? Then you should organize discussions and exchanges. To be honest, some of our cooperative learning in open classes are purely for show. This discussion is purely redundant. It is not a real discussion. Less than 10 minutes into class, the teacher said: \”Classmate Guys, you have four students in two rows in front of you to discuss it.\” The discussion was resolved in less than 1 minute. Is this discussion valuable? In addition, in the so-called group discussion, the composition of the group members is very particular. It cannot be discussed by just four students in two rows. The differences between the members of the group must be maximized to be valuable and to have the value of a team. Fourth, what must the teacher teach? The students don’t understand, they don’t understand even after reading the textbooks, they don’t understand through discussions. If the teacher doesn’t explain it at this time, where is your conscience? When the teacher talks, you have to talk. Fifth, if the students still don’t understand what the teacher has said, they must practice it. Don\’t think that students will understand everything the teacher says. Even if the teacher talks, the students won\’t understand. The teacher will design activities and let the children practice and carry out activities. Let me give you a very simple example: For example, a physical education teacher teaches children to learn swimming. You teach the theory of swimming, the knowledge of floating water, and the movements of water skiing in the classroom, but you just don’t let the children learn to swim.Go into the water, do you think the child can swim? The child will never learn. Only by throwing the child into the water can the child learn to swim. He needs practice to master it. Heuristic teaching ≠ Question-and-answer teaching Regarding teaching methods and teaching strategies, what heuristics are being talked about now. The so-called heuristics, many of our teachers understand it as question-and-answer teaching. The teacher asks questions and the students answer, and the teacher keeps asking questions. Students keep answering, which is the heuristic. Granting this heuristic, we can still find something wrong here. One of the questions, mechanical question and answer. I once listened to a very extreme class. After listening to the class, the teacher asked a total of 117 questions, most of which were invalid questions. When a question was thrown out, he wanted the children to think about it. If the children said it in unison without thinking, Questions that can be answered are not problems. The questions set by our teachers must be moderately beyond the current students\’ level. Problem two, single mode. The single mode is when the teacher asks questions and asks the children to answer them together, and the answers are answered by all. What problems does this collective answer raise? Just make up for it! Cantata will lead to overkill, and the final result of overloading is to cover up all the students\’ problems, and you don\’t even know where the students\’ problems are. So I suggest to all principals and teachers that if you attend a class, never sit at the back. If possible, sit in the front. Just look at the child’s mouth and you will know. I just said that the first one is the look in the child’s eyes, and the second one is the look in the child’s eyes. Look at the shape of the child\’s mouth. Some children have their mouths open, but their voices are very soft. The teacher did not hear what they said wrong. Some children have their mouths open, but they do not spit out the words. This covers up all the problems. If the chorus is not good, then sing solo. Solo singing can expose the problem. Question three, quick question and answer. What does \”quick-and-answer\” mean? The teacher asks the question and immediately asks the students to answer it. There are two possibilities. The first possibility is that students can answer it, but please note that if the student can answer it immediately, it means that your question is of no value. It means that your question does not require thinking at all, so it is of no value. He has already learned it. The second possibility is that the student cannot answer. What is the reason why he cannot answer? If you don\’t give him time to think, how can he answer? So why can\’t our teachers let the children close their eyes and think about it. So I suggest that if you find this situation, we still hope that our teachers will give the children some time and opportunity to think, give the children some space to think, and don\’t blindly pursue excitement. This is truly returning the classroom to the children, and this is the meaning of classroom teaching.