Hello everyone, thank you for the invitation. Today I will share with you the problems of children\’s growth and development, as well as some confusions about the six periods of children\’s growth and development. If you are not familiar with it, If you understand, it doesn’t matter, because I will share it with you next. I hope it can help everyone and solve everyone’s problems. Let’s get started!
Contents of this article
- Four dimensions of children’s growth and development
- What are the three basic characteristics of growth and development in childhood
- Children’s growth and development age Six Periods
- Child Development Standards
- Human Growth Developmental cycle
- Basic rules of growth and development of young children
1. Four dimensions of children\’s growth and development
1. Developmental psychology divides children\’s development into three dimensions, namely: physiological development, cognitive development, and social and emotional development.
2. The \”Learning and Development Guidelines for Children Aged 3-6\” issued by the Ministry of Education of my country in 2012 divides the development of preschool children into: healthy, Five aspects: language, society, science, and art. Its content also covers physiological and cognitive, social and emotional aspects.
3. Bring back independence and you can go to the neighbor\’s house to play by yourself.
2. What are the three basic characteristics of growth and development in childhood
Characteristics: Rapid intelligence development, increased exposure to the external environment, and vulnerability to infectious diseases.
1. The physical development speed is relatively slow, but the movement and language development are particularly rapid; the digestive function is further developed, so there should be sufficient nutritional supply. Early education should begin at this stage.
2. Cerebral cortex activity increases, and children can begin to interact with adults and children. Children are highly imitative in their actions and highly malleable in personality, so more attention should be paid to early childhood education appropriate to their age characteristics.period education.
3. Nutritional disorders and acute infectious diseases are prone to occur. As toddlers begin to walk, their range of activities expands significantly, so the chances of contact infection increase. They are prone to infectious diseases such as dysentery, whooping cough, scarlet fever and meningococcal meningitis, as well as intestinal worms, urinary tract infections and accidental injuries.
5. Preschool period from 4 to 6 years old for preschool children
Features: They have rich thinking and imitation abilities, and begin to form memories and some habits.
The incidence of intestinal worms and dental caries is increasing. At the same time, due to the wider contact with the outside world, infectious diseases such as scarlet fever and mumps are more likely to occur. Therefore, special attention must be paid to prevention during the epidemic season of infectious diseases.
6. School-age period After the age of 7 is the period of school-age children
From 7 to 12 years old Children aged 12 to 17 years old are primary school children; children aged 12 to 17 years old are middle school children.
Characteristics: Cerebral cortex function is more developed, social activities gradually increase, and physical and intellectual development are strong. Middle school children are in the period of puberty, sexual development gradually begins and matures, and physical growth gradually approaches that of adults. Changeable personality and unstable emotions.
3. Six periods of children’s growth and development
General Based on the characteristics of different stages of children\’s growth and development, children\’s age is divided into the following six periods: 1. Fetal period: from the fertilized egg to the birth of the fetus is called the fetal period, which is about 40 weeks. 2. Neonatal period: The period from the birth of the fetus and umbilical cord ligation to 28 days after birth is the neonatal period.
3. Infancy: from birth to one year old. 4. Early childhood: The period from one year old to three years old is the early childhood stage. 5. Preschool age: from three years old to 6-7 years old before entering elementary school. 6. School age: From entering elementary school (6-7 years old) to before puberty.
4. Children’s development standards
Children’s physical development standards are as follows Several development standards: 1. Weight standard, weight for 3-12 months (kg) = (age in months + 9) ÷ 2, weight for 1-6 years old (kg) = age × 2+8, 7-12 years old weight (kg) = (age × 7-5) ÷ 2.
2. Height standard, average height at birth is 50cm, 75cm at one year old, 87cm at two years old, height between 2 and 12 years old = age × 7-77.
3. The standard head circumference is 34cm at birth, 46cm at one year old, 48cm at two years old, and 50cm at five years old. 54-58cm at age 15.
4. The chest circumference standard is 32cm at birth, which is 2cm smaller than the head circumference. Later, the chest circumference and head circumference will develop equally, and the waist circumference standard is similar to the chest circumference.
5. Tooth development standard, there are 20 deciduous teeth in total. The early and late teeth eruption vary greatly among individuals. The earliest teeth erupt in four months, and the later ones erupt 10-12. Teeth erupt every month, with an average of 7-8 months. The number of deciduous teeth after the age of two = age in months – (4-6). All deciduous teeth emerge at the age of two and a half. The deciduous teeth begin to fall out after the age of six, and then the permanent teeth gradually appear. There are 32 permanent teeth in total.
6. Muscle development: Muscle development is immature in childhood, muscle growth accelerates after the age of five, and muscle development accelerates in adolescence.
7. Reproductive system development standards: adolescent girls begin to develop at the age of 9-12, and boys begin to develop at the age of 11-13. Children\’s growth and development always follows their own specific track, but when affected by factors such as disease, hormone deficiency, malnutrition, etc., children\’s growth will slow down and deviate from their natural production track, resulting in lagging growth. Once these factors are removed After that, it will catch up at normal speed.
5. Human growth and development cycle
1. Answer: The human growth and development cycles are: infancy, early childhood, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
2. Adulthood. After entering the age of 23, all parts of the human body have matured.
3. The human growth period is generally divided into three stages, totaling 10 years.
4. Human growth period can generally be divided into three peak stages, 1 to 3 years old, 6 to 10 years old, and 14 to 18 years old. Among them, growth The most severe period is from 14 to 18 years old. Since boys and girls have different growth patterns, their growth periods are also different.
6. Basic rules of growth and development of young children
1. Growth and development It is a continuous and staged process. During the entire growth process, the growth rate is different. The first year after birth is the peak growth period, and the growth rate will slow down after the age of 2.
2. Various systems and organs do not develop simultaneously. The nervous system develops earlier, the brain develops faster in the first 2 years after birth, and the reproductive system develops later.
3. Individual differences in growth and development. Affected by genetics and environment, there are considerable individual differences in growth and development.
4. The general rules of growth and development follow from top to bottom, from near to far, from thick to fine, from low to high, from simple to complex. law.
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