Menstruation is a physiological process that every woman will experience. With few exceptions, it repeats every month. Although this physiological phenomenon that repeats every month seems ordinary, if you want to explore its formation mechanism, it is still quite complicated. To be precise: its formation is related to hormones, the levels of hormones, and especially the changes in hormone levels. Without a certain level of hormones, menstruation would not occur; without regular changes in hormones, there would be no regular menstruation cycles.
Menstruation is caused by the periodic shedding of the endometrium, causing uterine bleeding. The female uterine tissue structure is divided into 3 layers: the outer layer is the serosa layer, the middle layer is the myometrium, and the inner layer is the endometrium. Among them, the serosal layer and muscular layer will not change, and only the intima layer is a tissue that undergoes periodic changes. The endometrium of childbearing women can also be subdivided into three layers: the surface layer is the dense layer, which is very thin and covered by a layer of columnar ciliated epithelium and has fewer secretory glands; the middle layer is the spongy layer, which is thicker and has many glands. Body, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels; the innermost layer is the basal layer, which is closely connected with the myometrium. The dense layer and spongy layer fall off during menstruation, and are repaired by the basal layer after menstruation.
The menstrual period normally lasts for 2 to 7 days, most of which lasts for 3 to 5 days. The amount of bleeding is the largest on the 2nd and 3rd days, with a total amount of 50 to 80 mm. Menstrual blood is dark red and consists of blood, cervical mucus, broken endometrial tissue, and shed vaginal epithelial cells. Because the endometrium contains a certain amount of activator, the coagulated fibrin is broken down into flowing degradation products, thereby turning the menstrual blood into a liquid state. Therefore, as women age, the estrogen level continues to increase, and the little girl steps forward. After entering puberty, most women have their first menstrual period between the ages of 13 and 15, which is called menarche. When estrogen declines, women will enter menopause. The earliest menopause occurs around the age of 40. From this rule, we can see that menstruation is the result of the action of sex hormones.
Some people think that having menstruation means having fertility, but this is not true. Women do not have this ability for several years after menarche, at least two or three years. This is mainly because the various organs of the female gonadal axis (hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary) are in the running-in stage, and the interaction between various hormones is not yet coordinated. Therefore, menstruation after menarche is irregular until normal symptoms appear in the ovaries. Only when follicles develop, normal eggs are released, and ovulatory menstruation is formed, the menstrual cycle will become regular, and true fertility will be achieved!
This article is provided by Baidu Reading and is excerpted from \”Pregnancy Can Be Simple\” Author: Fei Fei Mom