Hello everyone, today the editor will answer the question of the symptoms and treatment of measles. Many people still don’t know the causes and treatments of urticaria. Let’s take a look at it now. Look!
Contents of this article
1. What are the symptoms of urticaria?
Urticaria mainly manifests on the head, trunk, and limbs, with a sudden appearance of a large number of erythema all over the body. The rash can disappear completely within 24 hours after it appears, leaving no trace after it disappears, but it will reappear the next day due to itching. When a rash occurs, scratch normal skin with your hands. There may be swollen wheals on the scratched part, which will appear in about three minutes. Sometimes urticaria is accompanied by systemic symptoms, such as fever, chills, chills, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, throat obstruction, suffocation, joint pain, abdominal pain, etc.
2. Causes and treatments of urticaria
Urticaria The cause is very complex, and about 3/4 of patients cannot find the cause, especially for chronic urticaria. Common causes include: food and food additives; inhalants; infections; drugs; physical factors such as mechanical stimulation, heat and cold, sunlight, etc.; insect bites; mental factors and endocrine changes; genetic factors, etc.
Because the causes of urticaria are different, the treatment effects are also different. The specific treatment measures are as follows:
(1) Remove the cause. Each patient should strive to find the cause of the attack and avoid it. If it is caused by infection, the infected lesions should be actively treated. If the allergy is caused by drugs, allergy drugs should be stopped; if the allergy is caused by food, after finding out the allergenic food, stop eating this food.
(2) To avoid triggering factors such as cold urticaria, you should keep warm. Acetylcholine urticaria should reduce exercise, sweating and mood swings, and contact urticaria should be reduced. Opportunities for contact, etc.
(1) Antihistamine drugs ①H receptor antagonists have strong antihistamine and anti-other inflammatory mediator effects and can treat various types of urticaria All have better effects. Commonly used H1 receptor antagonists include diphenhydramine and cyproheptadine, chlorpheniramine, etc., avastine, cetirizine, mizolastine, loratadine, ebastine, azelastine, desloratadine, etc.; when single treatment is ineffective, you can choose two Different types of H1 receptor antagonists are used in combination or in combination with H2 receptor antagonists. Commonly used H2 receptor antagonists include cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, etc. It is effective for acute, chronic urticaria and cold urticaria. Dosage varies from person to person. ②Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant, which is particularly effective in treating chronic urticaria and has few adverse reactions. Doxepin is a better choice for patients with urticaria who are ineffective with conventional antihistamines.
(2) Drugs that inhibit the degranulation of mast cells and reduce the release of histamine ① Metahydroxyisobutyrate sulfate is a β2 adrenoceptor promoter. It can increase the concentration of cAMP in vivo, thereby inhibiting mast cell degranulation. ② Ketotiphenol inhibits mast cell degranulation and prevents the release of inflammatory mediators (such as histamine, slow-reacting substances, etc.) by increasing the concentration of cAMP in the body. Its suppressed. It is stronger and faster to produce than sodium cromoglycate and can be taken orally. ③ Cromoglycate sodium can block the binding of antigens and antibodies and inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators. If combined with glucocorticoids, the dosage of the latter can be reduced and the efficacy can be enhanced. ④ Tranilast reduces the release of histamine by stabilizing the mast cell membrane.
It is a second-line drug for the treatment of urticaria. It is generally used when severe acute urticaria, urticarial vasculitis, and pressure urticaria are ineffective against antihistamines. Or when chronic urticaria is severely provoked, intravenous drip or oral administration should be avoided. Long-term use should be avoided. Commonly used drugs are as follows: ① prednisone; ② triamcinolone; ③ dexamethasone; ④ dexamethasone. In emergencies, intravenous infusion of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, or methylprednisolone is used.
When patients with chronic urticaria have an autoimmune basis and the condition relapses, and the above treatments cannot achieve satisfactory results, immunosuppressants can be used, and cyclosporine has a better effect For the curative effect, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and immunoglobulin can all be tried. Tripterygium wilfordii also has certain curative effects. Due to the high incidence of side effects of immunosuppressants, they are generally not recommended for the treatment of urticaria.
In addition, drugs that reduce vascular permeability, such as vitamin C, vitamin P, calcium, etc., are often combined with antihistamines. Those caused by infectious factors can be treated with appropriate antibiotics.
This ends the content about the symptoms and treatment of measles. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.
