Hello everyone, today I will answer some questions about genetic diseases, including what genetic diseases are and many people still don’t know. Therefore, today I will answer some questions about genetic diseases. Let’s analyze it for everyone, now let’s take a look! If your problem is solved, I hope you will pay attention to this site, thank you~
Table of contents of this article
- What are genetic diseases
- What are polygenic diseases
- How to know whether the subject’s parents have genetic diseases
1. Genetic inheritance What is the disease
1. Genetic diseases refer to diseases caused by gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities. These abnormalities include abnormalities in chromosome number or structure, as well as mutations in gene sequences.
2. Genetic diseases are caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. These abnormalities can be mutations in single genes or multiple genes, or abnormalities in chromosome number or structure. These abnormalities may lead to abnormal cell function, leading to various diseases.
3. The inheritance of genetic diseases can be dominant or recessive. Dominant inheritance means that a mutation in one allele will cause the disease. Recessive inheritance requires mutations in both alleles to cause disease.
4. Genetic diseases usually have familial aggregation, that is, there is a history of similar cases in the family. This is because these diseases are often caused by genetic factors rather than environmental factors.
5. The treatment of genetic diseases is usually difficult because these diseases are often caused by abnormal physiological functions of cells or organs.
6. Therefore, prevention is more important than treatment. The occurrence of these diseases can be effectively prevented through genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
7. In summary, genetic diseases are diseases caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. These abnormalities can be mutations in single genes or multiple genes. , it can also be an abnormality in the number of chromosomes or an abnormality in structure. These exceptions canIt can cause abnormal cell function and lead to various diseases. Since these diseases are often genetic, prevention is more important than treatment. The occurrence of these diseases can be effectively prevented through genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
2. What are polygenic genetic diseases
1. Among mental diseases, schizophrenia (SZ) should be more familiar to people, and it is the most harmful disease.
2. Most people’s understanding of it should be due to excessive life pressure or other mental abnormalities, which leads to the unfortunate occurrence of this disease. .
3. But in fact, schizophrenia is closely related to human genetics.
4. There are three genes in the chromosomes that are related to schizophrenia. The first is DTNBP1, which plays an important role in the release of glutamate in the brain and improves the brain\’s resistance to damage. The second is NRG1, which induces nerve growth and renewal. The third one is DISC1, which also plays an important role in neurological function.
5. When these three genes mutate, the prevalence of schizophrenia will increase, and patients will show delusions, hallucinations, hypovolition, etc. Symptoms and possible suicidal tendencies.
6. In addition, there is autism, which is also due to changes in various genes, leading to disorders in the formation of nerve synapses and leading to mental defects. Moreover, autism is also genetically heterogeneous, which means that different people may have different susceptibility genes.
7. People with autism will show symptoms of social barriers, language barriers, and stereotyped behaviors.
8. There is another very common disease that may surprise you and is also related to genetic factors, and that is high blood pressure. Its heritability even reaches 62%. Its gene regulation is very complex, and many genes are related to it.
9. There are also congenital heart diseases, such as aortic stenosis.
10. The above diseases are all polygenic genetic diseases, which have many unique characteristics.
11. First,After two individuals are crossed, the resulting individuals are mostly intermediate types, and the variation in the population is very wide.
12. Secondly, its incidence rate is relatively high and it is a common disease. It has a tendency to aggregate in families but there is no obvious inheritance pattern, and as the level of family members decreases, the risk of the disease decreases rapidly. The amazing thing is that it also has ethnic differences, which proves that the gene pools of different ethnic groups are different.
13. In genetics, there are several indicators to measure polygenic genetic diseases: The risk of disease caused by inheritance is called susceptibility. But genetic factors alone sometimes do not manifest into specific traits, and environmental factors are needed to induce them. The risk posed by this combination of genetics and environment is called susceptibility.
14. With susceptibility, an indicator is needed to measure the stage at which the body will become sick. This minimum is called the threshold.
15. When the mean value of susceptibility is closer to the threshold, the susceptibility level is higher and the incidence rate is lower.
16. But these are very abstract indicators. Specifically when it comes to estimating the risk of disease, we only need to look at these four factors:
17. The first one is the relative level. The closer the disease is, the greater the prevalence. , the farther away the disease is, the smaller the prevalence is.
18. The second is the number of patients in the family. The more patients, the higher the risk.
19. The third is the severity of the condition. The more severe the condition, the higher the risk for relatives.
20. The last one is special. The prevalence of some polygenic genetic diseases is related to gender. The threshold for some genders is relatively high, so the symptoms are not very obvious, but their children will still be at a higher risk of developing the disease. This effect is called the Carter effect. Congenital pyloric stenosis falls into this category.
21. In short, the characteristics of polygenic genetic diseases are quite different from those of single-gene genetic diseases. Polygenic genetic diseases involve many factors, so in the genetic process It also looks more \”golden\”.
3. How to know whether the subject’s parents have genetic diseases
1. Directly ask the introducer to be introducedWhether the subject’s parents have any hereditary diseases;
2. Ask familiar relatives and friends to help find out whether the subject’s parents have any hereditary diseases;
3. Euphemistically ask the partner himself whether his parents have genetic diseases;
4. Do a pre-marital examination and see the partner There are no hereditary diseases. If the subject does not have any hereditary diseases, his parents will not have any hereditary diseases.
OK, this is the end of the content about genetic diseases and genetic diseases. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.
