(1) Congenital micropenis:Micropenis means that the penis structure is normal, but the penis is too small compared with people of the same age. The average length of a normal male newborn\’s penis is 3.75 cm, while a small penis is usually less than 1 cm. During puberty, a male\’s micropenis takes on a childlike shape. The cause of micropenis is not fully understood. It may be caused by a lack of androgen in the third month of pregnancy, or hypogonadotropin and insensitivity of the external genitalia to androgen. Micropenis is often accompanied by bilateral cryptorchidism, testicular hypoplasia, hypopituitarism, and obesity. Also seen in chromosomal defects. The clinical manifestations of congenital micropenis are: ① The micropenis of newborns is usually less than 1 cm, or even less than 0.5 cm. It is shorter than 5 cm in adolescence or adulthood, and the transverse diameter is also small. The appearance of the penis is generally normal, and the urethra is normal and opens into the head of the penis. ② Penile erection is weak or unable to erect, and most of them cannot have sexual intercourse. ③The testes, scrotum and prostate are underdeveloped. ④ Underdevelopment of secondary sexual characteristics, such as no beard, sparse armpit and pubic hair, no Adam\’s apple, and some patients have breast hyperplasia. ⑤Severe micropenis may cause difficulty in urination.
(2) Peyronie\’s disease: Patients often seek medical attention due to induration, pain, painful erection of the penis, and the bending of the penis to the affected side during erection, which may affect sexual life. On palpation, the induration is clearly demarcated, oval or cord-shaped, and is often located near the root of the dorsal midline, and a few may also be located distally or laterally. Some patients have difficulty urinating. The disease is self-limiting.
(3) Hypospadias: It is a common congenital malformation of the male lower urinary tract and external genitalia, and it is an autosomal dominant inheritance. The use of courtship hormones and progesterone during pregnancy can increase the incidence of hypospadias. The incidence of hypospadias varies greatly among scholars. It is generally believed that there is about 1 case in 150 to 250 male babies. The disease seems to be hereditary and familial, but has little to do with race. Congenital hypospadias is caused by the failure of complete fusion of the urethral folds on both sides of the canal groove during the embryonic stage, resulting in a defect in the distal urethra; the defective part of the urethra is often replaced by connective tissue or fibrous cords. This is the result of pathological changes. , in addition to the partial defect of the urethra, the penis has two deformities: first, the ventral side of the penis is buckled and cannot be straightened; second, the foreskin accumulates too much on the back of the penis, while the ventral side of the penis is insufficient. The so-called foreskin looks like an eagle\’s cap. Deformity. Therefore, in patients with slightly severe hypospadias, the penis is deformed due to ventral flexion. This deformity is more serious during erection, making it difficult to have normal sexual life; and due to partial urethral defects, sexual intercourse is difficult.It is difficult to ejaculate semen into the vagina during life, resulting in infertility.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading and is excerpted from \”The Clear \”Conception\” Plan\” Author: Sun Jianqiu and Xie Yingbiao