Some people say that when infertility is discovered, the male should be checked first; others say that women account for two-thirds of the causes of infertility; so which one is right? In fact, there are no absolutes in things, and the same is true for diseases. As two individuals on both sides of the pregnancy, problems on either side can lead to infertility.
In clinical practice, we often encounter young couples who swear like this:
\”I\’m sure there\’s nothing wrong with me. You\’d better check him more often!\”
\” My ex-girlfriend and I were pregnant before, so it must not be my fault!\”
\”I have had an abortion before, why would I have a problem? It must be his problem.\”
\”We both had premarital and pregnancy tests, and there were no problems. It must be other factors.\”
…
There has been no \”good news\” after the marriage. , this is the most depressing thing for every family. However, at this time, most families will question each other and excuse themselves. As everyone knows, a large sample study in Denmark shows that among couples who have been married for many years and cannot conceive a child, the proportion of male and female factors is equal. So, where are our misunderstandings?
A normal premarital examination does not mean normal reproductive ability: the general premarital examination items mainly check for sexually transmitted diseases and genetic diseases, and the examination of the genitals in the physical examination is limited to the appearance and does not include the test of reproductive ability. Therefore, a normal premarital examination does not mean that fertility is normal.
Being fertile in the past does not mean being fertile now: Medical research has proven that male fertility is very obviously affected by mental stress, and cigarettes, alcohol, saunas, etc. that often appear in social activities have a negative impact on fertility. The impact is also very large. Women also have the same situation. A small reproductive system infection may cause infertility if not treated properly. Therefore, if you were able to have children before, you may not be able to have children now.
Looking strong does not mean strong reproductive capacity: Appearance has nothing to do with fertility, both men and women are the same. However, for some infertile women, they may feel some physical discomfort, such as irregular menstrual cycles, lower abdominal pain and discomfort, etc. Some female infertile patients do not feel anything at all. For infertile men, most men will not feel any discomfort.
More semen does not mean greater fertility: Because most of the component in semen is prostate fluid, sperm only accounts for about 10% of it, and the health of this 10% sperm determines male fertility. .
So, what are the causes of infertility?
Factors causing female infertility
Vaginal factors:Due to vaginal atresia or Congenital factors such as the vaginal septum cause sexual intercourse disorders or difficulties, thereby affecting the sperm entering the female reproductive tract. Furthermore, vaginal inflammation caused by infections such as mold, trichomoniasis, and gonococcus changes the vaginal biochemical environment and reduces sperm motility and viability, thereby affecting the chance of pregnancy.
Cervical factors: Cervical stenosis, polyps, tumors, adhesions, etc. can affect the passage of sperm; cervix Erosion, the inflammatory exudate has a spermicidal effect; the presence of anti-sperm antibodies in the cervical mucus is not conducive to the penetration of sperm into the cervical canal or completely incapacitates the sperm. Among them, it is worth noting that it is caused by artificial abortion after unmarried pregnancy. Cervical adhesions, especially during repeated abortions, are more likely to cause this serious complication, blocking sperm from the cervix. Congenital abnormalities of the cervical canal are often accompanied by abnormal menstruation or dysmenorrhea. Girls will go to the hospital for examination after menarche. Cervicitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is transmitted through sexual intercourse, often leading to atresia or stenosis of the cervical canal. Cervical laxity is one of the common causes of infertility caused by habitual late-term abortion. When the pregnancy months increase and the weight of the fetal sac increases beyond the endurance of the cervical canal, the cervical canal expands, the fetal sac bulges and the water breaks, and the fetus and placenta are expelled one after another. This often occurs after 3 months of pregnancy.
Uterine factors: Congenital absence of uterus, naive uterus and solid uterus without uterine cavity Developmental malformations or malformations can affect a woman\’s fertility. Retroflexion or severe retroflexion of the uterus, endometrial inflammation, and intrauterine adhesions are all causes of infertility. About 75% of patients with endometriosis have a history of infertility. This is because it can cause posterior uterine adhesions and poor mobility. It can also cause fallopian tube adhesions, resulting in decreased peristaltic ability.
Fallopian tube factors: The fallopian tube is too long or narrow, and fallopian tube inflammation causes lumen occlusion, water accumulation, or Adhesions will hinder the movement of sperm, eggs or fertilized eggs. Fallopian tube disease can account for 25% of female infertility and is an important cause of infertility. Diseases that cause inflammation include tuberculosis, endometriosis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea and other pathogenic bacterial infections.
Ovarian factors: Ovarian follicles are underdeveloped, notThe ability to ovulate and form a corpus luteum, premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovaries, ovarian tumors and other factors that affect follicle development or egg discharge can cause infertility.
Endocrine factors: Insufficient maturation of the hypothalamus or delayed maturation of the hypothalamic cycle center, causing the hypothalamus to – The regulation between the pituitary-ovarian axis is imperfect, which results in anovulatory menstruation, amenorrhea or luteal body dysfunction, which are all possible causes of infertility. In addition, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocortical function can also affect ovarian function and prevent ovulation.
Congenital factors:Severe congenital hypoplasia of the reproductive system, such patients are often accompanied by Primary amenorrhea, sex chromosome abnormalities, such as Turner syndrome, true and false hermaphroditism, habitual abortion caused by chromosomal abnormalities, etc.
Systemic factors: Nutritional disorders, metabolic diseases, chronic wasting diseases, simple obesity wait. Taking raw cottonseed oil, toxic chemical reagents, radiation exposure, microwaves and other physical factors.
Psychiatric and neurological factors: Autonomic nervous system dysfunction, psychosis, environmental amenorrhea, neurological Anorexia, false pregnancy, etc.
Other immune infertility: Blood type incompatibility, such as habitual incompatibility caused by Rh factor or ABO hemolysis Miscarriage or stillbirth.
Factors causing male infertility
Semen abnormalities: If there is no sperm or the sperm count is too low, the motility will be weakened and the morphology will be abnormal.
Sperm transport is blocked: Tuberculosis of the epididymis and vas deferens can block the vas deferens and prevent the passage of sperm. Impotence and premature ejaculation prevent sperm from entering the female vagina.
Immune factors: Sperm and seminal plasma produce antibodies against one\’s own sperm in the body, which can cause male infertility. The ejaculated sperm agglutinates itself and cannot pass through the cervical mucus.
Endocrine dysfunction: Male endocrine is regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis. Pituitary, thyroid and adrenal gland dysfunction may affect sperm production and cause infertility.
Abnormal sexual function: Dysdevelopment of external genitalia or impotence causing difficulty in sexual intercourse.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading. It is excerpted from \”Very Good Pregnancy: You Can Get Pregnant by Doing This\” Author: Yu Yue\’e