Gestational diabetes is linked to overnutrition and lack of exercise
It is recommended that pregnant women have regular check-ups and timely screen blood sugar
Proper diet and exercise can control blood sugar
In recent years, in metropolitan areas with developed economies and high quality of life such as Guangzhou, the incidence of gestational diabetes has increased from about 3% in the 1980s to about 10% currently. Experts point out that this abnormal sugar metabolism in pregnant women is related to overnutrition and lack of exercise during pregnancy. Therefore, it is recommended that pregnant women should have regular check-ups, especially blood sugar screening between 24 and 28 weeks after pregnancy. If there are abnormal results, a glucose tolerance test must be done to confirm the diagnosis, and the diagnosis must be confirmed through reasonable and scientific diet control and appropriate exercise. Intervention and, if necessary, insulin may also be used to control the condition.
The incidence of gestational diabetes rises to 10%
My mother had symptoms of shock and her blood pressure dropped to 85/45mmHg times! The fetal monitor is unresponsive, the amniotic fluid is too little, and the fetus may suffocate at any time! Notify family members as soon as possible and prepare for emergency surgery! A few days ago, a special first aid drill for pregnant women with gestational diabetes complicated by ketoacidosis and intrauterine distress was held at the Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Niu Jianmin, director of the obstetrics department of the hospital, pointed out that in recent years, in metropolitan areas such as Guangzhou with developed economies and relatively high quality of life, the incidence of gestational diabetes has increased from about 3% in the 1980s to about 3%. Currently 10%.
The drill that day simulated the whole process of a pregnant woman who had not had regular physical examinations and suddenly developed chest tightness, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and vomiting at 32 weeks of pregnancy, and was diagnosed with gestational diabetes and ketoacidosis. and was taken to the hospital for emergency fetal distress. Medical staff quickly gave the mother fluids and injected insulin. After her dehydration, acidosis, electrolyte imbalance and other symptoms were relieved, they made a prompt decision: perform a caesarean section immediately and notify the neonatology department for rescue! With the emergency cooperation of obstetric and neonatal medical staff, the mother and baby were finally out of danger.
Niu Jianmin said that in obstetric clinical practice, there have been more and more rescue cases similar to this kind of drill in recent years. The topic of this exercise: Gestational diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis is a serious complication of gestational diabetes mellitus. Due to the complex metabolic changes during pregnancy, coupled with the relative or absolute lack of insulin, the metabolic disorder further develops into accelerated lipolysis, a sharp increase in serum ketone bodies, and further develops into metabolic acidosis. Infection, hyperemesis gravidarum, insufficient insulin dosage, prolonged labor, surgery, etc. can all induce it. Once ketoacidosis occurs, fetal and infant mortality can be as high as 90%, and it is also one of the common and important causes of death in pregnant women with diabetes. He pointed out that when gestational diabetes is complicated by ketoacidosis, a series of clinical symptoms and signs will occur due to severe dehydration, acidosis and electrolyte imbalance. The earliest symptoms are polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Initial symptoms are vomiting and abdominal pain, eventually progressing to altered consciousness, general malaise, weakness, hyperventilation, and a fruity aroma of ketones on exhalation. Therefore, when gestational diabetes occursWhen the above symptoms occur, you need to go to the hospital for systematic treatment in time to ensure the safety of the mother and fetus.
The main culprits for the sharp increase in incidence: overnutrition and lack of exercise
Niu Jianmin introduced that there are two types of gestational diabetes. One is diabetes in which patients become pregnant before pregnancy, which is called diabetes combined with pregnancy; the other is diabetes that occurs or is discovered during pregnancy, also called gestational diabetes (GDM). ), postpartum glucose metabolism in GDM patients can return to normal, but the chance of developing type 2 diabetes will increase in the future. In view of this, the World Health Organization classified gestational diabetes as an independent type of diabetes in 1979.
Niu Jianmin told reporters that since the late 1980s, my country has begun to carry out gestational diabetes screening domestically. According to the records of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, only 19 GDM patients were admitted to the hospital in 1999, but as many as 296 GDM patients were admitted in 2008, with an incidence rate of approximately 7.4%. According to his analysis, in recent years, with the improvement of economic level, the lifestyle of urbanites has undergone earth-shaking changes. During pregnancy, pregnant women eat too many high-energy foods and are too lazy to move. This has obviously affected the metabolic changes during pregnancy, causing the incidence of GDM disease to rise sharply from 3% two or three years ago to about 10% currently.
In some economically developed countries, the incidence of GDM is also higher, reaching as high as 14% in some states in the eastern United States.
Niu Jianmin pointed out that gestational diabetes will cause many short-term and long-term harms to mothers and babies. For example, short-term effects can lead to miscarriage, premature delivery, stillbirth, stillbirth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, polyhydramnios, postpartum hemorrhage, ketoacidosis, urogenital infections, etc., and can also cause fetal malformations, macrosomia, neonatal Metabolic abnormalities, etc. Malformations can increase surgical birth trauma; long-term effects include that 30% to 60% of mothers may develop diabetes 5 to 10 years after delivery, and their offspring have a correspondingly higher risk of long-term diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance.
Therefore, in the past 20 years, domestic and foreign scholars have paid more and more attention to the diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes. Way.
1/3 of patients can control blood sugar by adjusting their diet and exercising moderately
Niu Jianmin reminded that pregnant women should have regular check-ups, especially blood sugar screenings between 24 and 28 weeks after pregnancy. If there are abnormal results, a glucose tolerance test (OGTT) should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. According to hospital clinical observations, about 1/3 of gestational diabetes patients can achieve the goal of stable blood sugar control through reasonable and scientific diet control and appropriate exercise. It needs to be controlled with insulin and generally will not cause abnormal fetal development.
Peng Wujiang, a nutritionist at Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, also pointed out that learning to reasonably control caloric intake should become a required daily course for pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism. He suggested that such pregnant women should pay attention to the following details in their daily diet:
1. Don’t drink too much Laohuo soup. Very pregnantThe woman did not eat the soup dregs when drinking Laohuo soup, thinking that it was not nutritious and the ingredients in the soup were relatively sufficient. In this case, they consume large amounts of water, lipids, and some free amino acids, thereby increasing metabolic burden.
2. Don’t eat too much fruit, because in addition to containing a variety of minerals and vitamins, fruits also contain a variety of sugars, such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, etc., which can produce a large amount of heat energy. However, the supply of three meals a day for modern pregnant women can keep their bodies full of energy. In this case, excess sugar is metabolized into neutral fat and stored in the body.
3. Eat more green leafy vegetables, supplement enough vitamins and minerals, increase dietary fiber, and relieve constipation. In addition, drink more water to increase blood volume
, speed up the excretion of harmful substances.
4. Choose more foods with a slightly lower glycemic index to reduce the total intake of lipids. In addition, the intake of salt should be controlled at 5 to 6 grams per person per day, and the intake of cooking oil should be controlled. The amount should be controlled at about 25 grams per person per day. Special reminder should be given to pregnant women who need to eat fast food at noon due to work or other reasons. Since fast food contains a relatively large amount of cooking oil, especially Western fast food, it is easy to consume too much human lipids and even cause gastrointestinal disorders.
In addition, appropriately increasing the amount of exercise can also improve the effectiveness of the intervention. Peng Wujiang reminded that pregnant women’s exercise should not be limited to easy walks. They can also do regular exercises such as pregnant women’s exercises. In addition, appropriately increasing some upper limb exercises can also effectively improve the body metabolism of pregnant women.