Summary of key Chinese knowledge for grades 1 to 6, essential for the new semester

Chinese is the subject that pays the most attention to basics. Laying a good foundation in Chinese is an important task in primary school. The following is a summary of key Chinese knowledge for primary school students in grades 1 to 6. Parents, save it for your children! Pinyin 1. Master 23 initial consonants: b p m f d t n l g k h j q x z c s zh ch sh r y w2. Master 24 finals: 1) Single finals: a o e i u ü 2) 9 compound finals: ai ei ui ao ou iu ie üe er3) Nasal finals are divided into front nasal and Back nasal: The front nasal is: an en in un ünThe back nasal is: ang, eng, ing, ong3. Special final: er. It cannot be spelled with the initial consonant, and can only be used as a word sound alone. 4. Recognize and read 16 syllables as a whole: zi ci si zhi chi shi ri yi yu wu ye yue yin yun yuan ying 5. Marking the tone: a o e i u ü, in order when marking the tone, iu is marked in parallel, and the dot is removed when the i is superscripted ; ü goes to two points when combined with j q x y, such as ju qu xu yu. 6. Alphabet: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Like a seagull hǎiōu. Words 1. Idioms with antonyms are well-known far and near, alternating between black and white, inverting importance, being in a dilemma, distinguishing between right and wrong, seeking the far away at the expense of the near, making a big deal out of small things, being top-heavy, making a fuss, making a fuss, making a fuss, saying the same thing, making a big deal out of things, making a big deal out of a small matter, making a big deal out of a trivial matter. , left and right arms, cause and effect, front and back together 2, idioms with numbers serious, not saying a word, half-hearted, colorful in all directions, six gods and masters, talking all over the place, eight immortals crossing the sea, a drop of a feather, perfect in every way, making every effort, every possible way 3, eight-character idioms A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step The head of a hundred-foot pole, one step further, hearing is false, seeing is true. No one is perfect, no gold is enough. The bare ruler is short, the inch is long. A leaf blocks the eyes, and Mount Tai cannot be seen. 4. Idioms from historical stories: Hearing the chicken dance (Zu Ti), the frightened bird (Geng Lei) The finishing touch (Zhang Sengyao), Be confident (Wen Yuke) Xinglin Chunman (Dong Feng), Talking on paper (Zhao Kuo) 5. Idioms from mythological stories: Pangu opens the sky, Kuafu chases the sun, Chang\’e flies to the moon and Nuwa Mending the sky, Houyi shot the sun, Jingwei reclaimed the sea 6. Idioms from fables: Carve a boat to seek a sword, pull out a seedling to encourage growth, wait for the rabbit, mend the situation after a lost time, buy a casket for a pearl, sit in a well and look at the sky 7. Words about spring Spring returns to the earth, all things revive, willows, flowers and red warblers sing and dance , the ice and snow melt, the spring breeze blows and a hundred flowers bloom, birds chirping, spring blossoms blooming 8. Words about autumn. Golden autumn season, the forests are dyed, green flowing golden sky is high, wild geese fly south, the autumn air is crisp and the grain is abundant, melons and fruits are fragrant, spring flowers and autumn fruits are abundant. 9. Words about unity. Cooperation, united will, united as one, invincible 10. Words about learning from each other\’s strengths, there are people outside the world, there is heaven, learn from others\’ strengths, the more the better 11. Words about learning: be diligent in asking questions, be diligent in learning, read a hundred times, the meaning will be revealed by reading a lot of books, Tireless, tireless in learning, perseverance in work, diligent in work, dedicated, concentrated, forgetting to eat and sleep, doing everything possible, perseverance, down-to-earth 12. Other idioms: sleeping in the open air, traveling day and night, returning home with a full load, achieving what one wishes , high-rise buildings, everything has antonyms: tall-short, fat-thin, light-dark, beautiful-ugly, busy-idle, new-old, cooked-raw, cold-warm, heavy-light, sink-float, in-out, rise- Fall buy-sell, right-wrong, long-short, old-young, slow-fast, wide-narrow, strong-weak, poor-rich, win-lose, noble-low, internal-external, evil-good, add-subtract, Clear – turbid, good – negative, merit – crime, advance – retreat, reward – punishment, excellence – inferiority, diligence – laziness, poverty – rich, hunger and cold – food and clothing, asking – dedication, sincerity – falsehood, indifference – enthusiasm, safety – danger and complexity – Simple, modest – proud, passionate – cold and honest – hypocritical, arrogant – modest, cowardly – brave, ugly – beautiful, stupid – smart. Colors: yellow: golden, apricot, orange, goose yellow; red: fiery red, pink, orange, peach; green: light green, Emerald green, emerald green, dark green blue: sapphire blue, azure blue, azure blue, azure. Swap words with different meanings. Cow – milk, picture – draw picture. Bee – honey, toothbrush – brush your teeth. Mountain – go up the mountain, pool – pool water tie – Lead, arrive – reach unfold – develop, like – rejoice abacus – calculation, good news – good news sentences 1. Antiphons: clouds to fog, snow to frost, gentle breeze to drizzle, morning glow to sunset, flowers to grass, Butterflies versus bees, the blue sky versus the green fields, the purple versus the red, the peach versus the plum, the willow versus the poplar, the clear mountains versus the beautiful water, the chirping of birds versus the fragrance of flowers 2. Proverbs about the weather Dragonflies fly low by the rivers and lakes, there is going to be rain in front of you. The geese flying north will become warmer, and the swallows returning south will become colder. There is one autumn rain and one cold. Wear cotton for ten autumn rains. The morning glow does not go out, but the sunset travels thousands of miles. The sunset is rouge red, and if there is no rain, there must be wind. The stars are bright at night, and it will still be clear tomorrow morning. The dew is heavy tonight, and the sun will be red tomorrow. A mountain with rain wears a hat, but a mountain without rain has no waist. If it is sunny and foggy for a long time, it will be cloudy; if it rains and it is raining and foggy for a long time, it will be clear. 3. Proverbs about help: Flowers need leaves to help, and people need help. Gifts of roses, hand a fragrance. Those who help others will be helped by others. Sincerity can make a stone cry, and sincerity can make a dead tree sprout. 4. There is a proverb about the scenery of the motherland. There is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below. Emei is beautiful in the world, Qingcheng is quiet in the world, Three Gorges is majestic in the world, and Jianmen is dangerous in the world. When you return from the Five Mountains, you don’t look at the mountains; when you return from Huangshan, you don’t look at the mountains. Guilin\’s landscapes are the best in the world, and Yangshuo\’s landscapes are the best in Guilin. 5. Proverbs about the way of thinking: The rope breaks at the thin point, and the ice cracks at the thin point. You can know the depth by walking down the river in person, and you can know the sweetness and sourness by tasting pears with your own mouth. Don\’t look at the surface of the river as flat as a mirror, look at the depth of the water. in flowerpotPines cannot grow, and eagles cannot fly from the birdcage. If you walk every day, you are not afraid of thousands of miles; if you do it often, you are not afraid of thousands of things. 6. Proverb about unity When people unite, the mountains will move. With many people, the plan is broad, and with more firewood, the flames are high. A chopstick is easy to break, but a chopstick is hard to break. A forest with many trees is not afraid of the wind; a rope with many threads can carry a thousand pounds. One flower blooming alone is not spring, but all the white flowers blooming together fill the garden. 7. Couplet The willows are green for thousands of miles, and the spring breeze warms thousands of homes. The orioles sing in the green willows, and the purple swallows cut in the spring breeze. The spring breeze boldly combs the willows, and the night rain moistens the flowers without anyone noticing. The spring breeze blows through thousands of green mountains, and the southern swallows return to thousands of households in spring. The fog locks the top of the mountain, and the water reaches the sky and the tail water connects the sky. The green water originally had no worries about its face wrinkled by the wind, and the green hills were originally ageless but white-headed by snow. The mountains and rivers are bright and beautiful everywhere, and I am curious and curious every time it rains or shines. There are overlapping mountains, winding roads, tinkling winter springs, and trees high and low. There is a path full of bamboo clouds on the ground, half a curtain of flowers shadows and the moon cages the gauze. (Yuebo Tower, Summer Palace, Beijing) The red trees and green trees are high and low, and the smoke is thick and pale in the distance and near autumn. (Zhenwu Hall in Qingcheng Mountain, Sichuan) Surrounded by lotus and three by willows, one city is filled with mountains and half is a lake. (Daming Lake, Jinan, Shandong) The clear breeze and bright moon are priceless, and they are sentimental even if they are near the water or the distant mountains. (Canglang Pavilion, Suzhou, Jiangsu) 8. After saying a few words, the Eight Immortals crossed the sea – Sun Wukong made a fuss in the Heavenly Palace with each showing his magical powers – Han Xin, the panicked god, ordered his troops – The more the better, Zhang Fei threaded the needle – There is a fine in the rough, and the public decides the case – The selfless Jiang Taigong fished – – Those who wish to take the bait, shallots mixed with tofu – one clear and two white pigs with green onions in their noses – pretend to be elephants 9. Famous sayings: Take the strengths of others and make up for one\’s own shortcomings. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. Where there\’s a will, there\’s a way. (Book of the Later Han Dynasty) Do not do good deeds because they are small, and do not do evil because they are small. (Liu Bei) Good work comes from hard work, but waste comes from play; success comes from thinking, and failure comes from following. (Han Yu) 10. The motto of cherishing time is that if a young man does not work hard, he will be sad. Flowers will bloom again, and people will never be young again. A day\’s plan begins in the morning, a year\’s plan begins in spring. Black-haired people don\’t know how to study hard early, and white-haired people regret studying late. An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of gold cannot buy an inch of time. The prime years will never come again, and the morning will never come again. Be encouraged in time, time waits for no one. (Tao Yuanming) 11. Poems describing the scenery. The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring flows up the rocks. (Wang Wei) The blue birds on the river are more than white, and the blue flowers on the mountains are about to burn. (Du Fu) The oriole crows thousands of miles away and the green reflects the red, and the wine flags in the mountains and rivers in the water village are blown by the wind. (Du Mu) There is no way out despite the mountains and rivers, and there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers. (Lu You) There are many willows in the south and north of the water, and plum trees are everywhere behind the mountains and in front of the mountains. (Wang Anshi) There are towering trees in thousands of valleys, and cuckoos ring in thousands of mountains. (Wang Wei) Egrets fly in the desert paddy fields, and orioles sing in the overcast summer trees. (Wang Wei) There are one or two roosters crowing in the rain, and the bridge on the road in Zhuxi Village is tilted. (Wang Jian) ​​You can see the butterfly deeply through the flowers, and the dragonflies are flying in the water. (Du Fu) There are three or four spots of green moss on the pond, and one or two orioles are heard under the leaves. (Yan Shu) 12. Poems describing friendship: There are close friends in the sea, and they are like neighbors across the world. (Wang Bo) The bright moon rises over the sea, and the world is at this moment together. (Zhang Jiuling) Long drought brings sweet rain, and old friends meet in a foreign land. (Wang Zhu) We know the pines and cypresses when the weather is cold, and we can see true love in times of adversity. (Anonymous) Sending goose feathers from thousands of miles away is a light gift but heavy with affection. (Xing Junchen) 13. Poems describing the moon. When I was young, I didn’t know the moon, so I called it a white jade plate. The earth is filled with water when the moon comes, and the clouds rise over the mountains. The dew is white tonight, and the moon is bright in my hometown. The gorge is deep and the moonlit night is bright, the river is quiet and the sky is blue. 14. Quote: Knowledge is usWings flying to the sky. Thinking can form a bridge that leads us to new knowledge. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. The future of science can only belong to the diligent and humble young generation. Intelligence lies in learning, genius lies in accumulation. (Lenin) Nothing is difficult in the world, as long as you are willing to climb. (Mao Zedong) Read for the rise of China. (Zhou Enlai) Any achievement is the result of hard work. (Song Qingling) Books are the ladder of human progress. (Golky) 15. Confucius’s famous sayings: review the past and learn the new. When three of us travel together, we must be my teacher. Isn’t it true that one should learn and practice it from time to time? To know is to know, and to not know is to know. This is knowledge. Rhetoric 1. Metaphor is an analogy, which uses concrete, simple, familiar, and vivid things to illustrate or describe abstract and profound things. This can describe the image of things more vividly and concretely. 2. Personification is to use imagination to write about things as if they were people. That is, giving them human words, deeds, thoughts, feelings, etc. 3. Parallelism is the use of three or more sentences or phrases with the same or similar structure, closely related meanings, and consistent tone to be arranged in a string. Such sentences can strengthen the momentum of the language, express strong feelings, and enhance the appeal of the language. 4. Exaggeration is the conscious exaggeration or reduction of the described things to highlight the characteristics of the things, express the author\’s feelings, arouse the readers\’ associations, and deepen the impression. 5. Asking questions is to attract the reader\’s attention or thinking. First ask the question yourself and then answer it yourself. That is, ask and answer your own questions. 6. A rhetorical question is to express a clear meaning in the form of a question, that is, it only asks but does not answer, and there is an answer in the question. Little knowledge 1. City flower Beijing – rose flower Luoyang – peony flower Hong Kong (on July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the motherland) – bauhinia flower Macao – lotus flower Chengdu – hibiscus flower Mianyang – rose flower 2. Beijing Famous parks include the Summer Palace, Old Summer Palace, Temple of Heaven, Beihai, Jingshan, Xiangshan and so on. The Great Wall and the Forbidden City are world-famous ancient buildings, while the Great Hall of the People, the National Library, the China Millennium Monument, and the Capital International Airport are famous modern buildings. 3. Composition of China There are 56 ethnic groups in my country, such as Han, Tibetan, Hui, Zhuang, Dai, Bai, Mongolian, etc. There are 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing, 2 Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, and 28 provinces and autonomous regions including Heilongjiang, Hebei, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, and Taiwan. 4. Stamps are called \”miniature encyclopedias.\” The world\’s first stamp appeared in Britain in 1840. Archer in England invented the stamp punching machine in 1848. China\’s first stamp was the Dalong stamp issued by the Qing government in 1878. 5. Solar terms song: Spring rain shocks the clear valley sky in spring, summer is full of awns and summer heat is connected, autumn is dew, autumn is cold and frost falls, winter snow is snowy and winter is cold. 6. Famous paintings by famous painters Dai Song of the Tang Dynasty liked to draw cows. His paintings \”Three Cows\” and \”Returning to Herding\” are two famous paintings. In modern my country, Qi Baishi likes to draw shrimps, Xu Beihong likes to draw horses, and Li Kuchan likes to draw eagles. 7. Famous Fairy Tales Andersen is a famous Danish fairy tale writer. \”The Little Match Girl\”, \”The Emperor\’s New Clothes\”, \”The Daughter of the Sea\”, \”The Ugly Duckling\” and \”Thumbelina\” are allis his famous work. \”Grimm\’s Fairy Tales\” were collected and compiled by the Brothers Grimm in Germany, among which \”Cinderella\”, \”Little Red Riding Hood\”, \”Snow White\” and \”The Brave Little Tailor\” are all famous works. There are also the British Wilde fairy tales, the German Hauf fairy tales, and the Chinese fairy tales of Ye Shengtao and Zhang Tianyi, all of which are very famous. 8. Seismometer The seismograph invented by Zhang Heng was the first instrument in the world to determine the direction of earthquakes. 9. The four great inventions of ancient my country were papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass. Our modern scientists Qian Xuesen and Deng Jiaxian worked with other scientists to tackle key problems and developed atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, and sent satellites into the sky. 10. Li Siguang Li Siguang is a famous geologist in my country. Based on his research results, our country has successively found large oil fields such as Daqing Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield, and North China Oilfield, and has removed the label of \”China is poor in oil\”. 11. Soong Ching Ling once served as Vice Chairman and Honorary Chairman of the People\’s Republic of China. She is recognized at home and abroad as one of the greatest women of the 20th century. \”Childhood\” magazine was founded under her care. To commemorate her, my country established the Soong Ching Ling Foundation in May 1982. 12. Confucius Confucius, named Qiu and courtesy name Zhongni, lived in the Spring and Autumn Period and was a great thinker and educator in my country. It is said that he had three thousand disciples, 72 of whom were very famous. His disciples recorded his words and deeds and compiled them into \”The Analects of Confucius\”. 13. Zhaozhou Bridge Zhaozhou Bridge, also called Anji Bridge, was designed and built by Li Chun, a stonemason in the Sui Dynasty, more than 1,300 years ago. Along the River During the Qingming Festival was painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty, more than 800 years ago. 14. The twelve zodiac animals are Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and Pig.