Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and one of the common human diseases affected by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It is prevalent in most races.
There are two types of pregnant women with gestational diabetes: one is those who have diabetes before pregnancy, and the other is due to physiological changes during pregnancy, the glucose renal threshold is reduced, and the body\’s demand for insulin increases, leading to gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes occurs due to relative insufficient insulin secretion. But no matter what kind of diabetes it is, its pathological process will have a negative impact on the health of mother and child.
For pregnant women, if they have diabetes before pregnancy, pregnancy itself will not increase the risk of the disease. However, for people with diabetes during pregnancy, about 20% to 30% will develop clinical diabetes, especially those with diabetes. Obese people with a family history of diabetes. Regardless of the type of diabetes, perinatal morbidity and mortality are higher in pregnant women. Common complications include pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, urinary tract infection, and pyelonephritis.
Diabetes is a big risk factor for the fetus. For pregnant women with diabetes, elevated blood sugar in the blood is passed to the fetus through the placenta. In order to consume these sugars, the fetus will consume more oxygen, which can easily cause intrauterine hypoxia, suffocation, and even death. Due to blood sugar fluctuations and fetal blood acidosis, the fetus may sometimes die suddenly before birth. To avoid fetal death in the womb, doctors often have to weigh the risks of premature birth and stillbirth. It is generally believed that it is appropriate to end delivery at 3637 weeks of gestation. Even if intrauterine oxygen supply is sufficient, high blood sugar in fetal blood will stimulate fetal pancreatic islets, causing excess sugar to be converted into fat and stored in the fetal body, thus increasing fetal weight. Grow into a giant. For pregnant women with diabetes, about 25% of their fetuses are macrosomia. Although these newborns are very heavy, their bodies are very fragile, and the incidence of congenital malformations is 23 times that of normal pregnant women; macrosomia also increases the chance of dystocia and birth trauma. After the baby is born, hypoglycemia will occur because the mother\’s sugar infusion is interrupted. If preventive treatment is not carried out, accidents can easily occur. Excessive blood sugar in the fetal blood can also lead to delayed maturation of the fetal lungs and prone to respiratory distress syndrome after birth. Even if managed properly, the perinatal mortality rate in children with diabetes is around 10%. Studies have also found that children whose mothers have pyruvuria tend to have intellectual disabilities.
