Under normal circumstances, ovulation and menstruation are inseparable physiological phenomena.
The so-called menstruation is the periodic shedding of the endometrium that occurs based on ovulation. During follicle development, the granulosa cells and theca cells surrounding the oocyte secrete estrogen. After these estrogens enter the blood circulation, they act on many tissues throughout the body to maintain the growth and development of various organs in the female reproductive system, maintain and promote female secondary sexual characteristics, etc. One of the most important functions is to promote endometrial growth. During each menstruation, after the endometrium sheds, the new endometrium is produced under the action of this hormone, which is called proliferative endometrium. When the primordial follicle develops into a mature follicle, under the action of endogenous hormones and various other factors, the follicle protruding from the surface of the ovary ruptures, the follicular fluid flows out, and the oocyte and a small number of surrounding cells are slowly extruded together. This process is called ovulation.
After ovulation, the follicle wall collapses quickly and the corpus luteum gradually forms. The luteal cells secrete increasing amounts of progesterone and estrogen. Progesterone changes the endometrium that has been affected by estrogen from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase. At this time, the endometrium glands are becoming more and more prosperous, and the blood vessels are becoming more and more curved. When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum gradually degenerates, progesterone secretion decreases, and estrogen also decreases. The endometrium loses the support of these two hormones, and exfoliation and bleeding occur, which is the so-called menstrual cramps. The shed endometrial fragments flow out of the body along with menstrual blood.
Periodic vaginal bleeding in a woman is called menstruation. To measure whether a woman’s menstruation is normal, it can generally be judged from the following aspects.
①Menstrual cycle: From the first day of menstrual cramps to the first day of next menstrual cramps A day is called a menstrual cycle. Most people cycle between 28 and 35 days, but there are also a few who cycle as short as 20 days or as long as 45 days. Within the above range, as long as menstruation is regular, it is normal.
②Menstrual period: The period of vaginal bleeding is called menstrual period. Most people’s menstrual period lasts for 3 months. ~5 days, but as few as 1 to 2 days and as many as 7 to 8 days are also within the normal range.
③Menstrual blood volume:The menstrual blood volume in a normal menstrual period is 20 to 120 ml, most of which is 50 ml. It is the largest on the second and third days of menstruation, and then gradually decreases.
④Characteristics of menstrual blood:The characteristic of menstrual blood is that it does not coagulate and is dark red. Menstrual blood In addition to blood, it also contains shedding fragments of the endometrium, cervical mucus and vaginal epithelial cells. Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon for women. Most women have no obvious symptoms during the menstrual period. A few women may have breast swelling, Headache, insomnia, palpitation, lower abdominal distension and pain, emotional uneasiness, etc. This condition generally does not affect work and does not require treatment. The symptoms will disappear naturally after the menstrual period. Normal menstruation is a manifestation of normal development and sound function of female internal genitalia.
If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum tissue of the ovary will not degenerate quickly and become the corpus luteum of pregnancy, which will continue to secrete large amounts of estrogen and progesterone. With the continued support of these two hormones, the endometrium will develop. It is better to be fully prepared for the implantation of the fertilized egg. At this time, the endometrium will not fall off, and there will be no menstrual blood flow, and the clinical manifestation is amenorrhea. Therefore, the event after ovulation is either menstruation or menstruation. Pregnancy.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading and is excerpted from \”The Clear \”Conception\” Plan\” Author: Sun Jianqiu and Xie Yingbiao