The reproductive tract of normal women of childbearing age has a natural defense mechanism. The vaginal microecology is dominated by vaginal bacteria. Under the influence of estrogen, the vaginal epithelium continues to proliferate and is rich in glycogen. With the help of vaginal bacteria, glycogen is decomposed into lactic acid to maintain the vaginal pH of 4 to 5, which can effectively Kill pathogenic bacteria or inhibit their reproduction. Because vaginal bacteria form biofilms on the vaginal wall to play a protective role, although different microorganisms are often seen inthe vulva and vagina of normal women, clinical inflammation does not occur.
(1) Trichomonal vulvovaginitis: Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis Trichomonas vaginitis is relatively common. Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoa. The optimal pH value for reproduction is 5.5 to 6.0. It is difficult to survive in the vaginal environment with a pH value of less than 5.0 or greater than 7.5. When Trichomonas multiply in large numbers, they can spread to the vulva, causing Trichomonas vulvitis. The clinical manifestations are vulvar itching, which is worse at night, excessive vaginal discharge, yellow color, and odor. The examination revealed scratches, flushing, and skin lesions on the vulva. The vaginal fluid was slightly greyish-yellow-green, thin and foamy, which was caused by the decomposition of glycogen and the production of gas. The vaginal mucosa is congested, and small bleeding spots can be seen in the deep part; it is often combined with fungi and other infections. If the urinary tract is infected at the same time, painful urination, frequent urination, and a feeling of bloating in the lower abdomen may occur.
(2) Fungal vaginitis: Caused by Candida albicans, this bacteria has a high pH value It is most suitable to grow in a vaginal environment of 5.5 to 6.5. Under normal circumstances, when the vaginal pH value is 4.0 to 4.5, Candida albicans cannot reproduce in large numbers even if it exists; vaginal bacilli have an inhibitory effect on it. Candida albicans is hidden in the normal human skin, oral cavity, intestinal tract and vaginal mucosa and can be transmitted to each other, but it has nothing to do with tinea pedis and tinea pedis. Long-term use of antibiotics can cause bacterial imbalance and increase in fungi. Diabetes and pregnant women are prone to this disease. The main clinical manifestations are vulvar itching and excessive leucorrhea. There is a large amount of white tofu-like or curd-like leucorrhea on the vaginal wall, and the mucous membrane is red, swollen and congested or has red spots.
(3) Genital warts: It is caused by human papillomavirus infection of the vulva, vagina, cervix, and anus Zhou, mainly throughIt is transmitted through sexual contact and can also be infected indirectly. It is a benign disease that can recur repeatedly. It usually occurs around the labia, vaginal opening, anus, vagina and cervix. It appears as small wart-like red protrusions or cauliflower-like unevenness, which is prone to ulceration and infection, smelly secretions, and easy bleeding; the vulva is itchy and painful, and there is excessive vaginal discharge. Often combined with other infections.
(4) Non-specific vaginitis: Common pathogenic bacteria include Staphylococcus and Streptococcus , Escherichia coli and Gardnerella bacterium, etc. Inducing factors include vaginal injury, improper vaginal medication or corrosive drugs, metritis, which destroys the natural defense mechanism of the vagina and the microecological balance, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of abnormal bacteria and causes disease. The clinical manifestations include vulvovaginal burning sensation, falling sensation, excessive vaginal discharge, purulent odor, and may be accompanied by painful urination, frequent urination, and bloody discharge after sexual intercourse.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading and is excerpted from \”The Clear \”Conception\” Plan\” Author: Sun Jianqiu and Xie Yingbiao