What kind of cognition is hidden behind children’s excitement?

I was reading \”To Kill a Mockingbird\” recently, and there was a chapter that brought tears to my eyes. Briefly describe it and share it with all readers. Once, Scooter and Francis\’ two children had a conflict and started fighting. Scout calls Frances a \”bitch\” and is severely criticized by Uncle Jack. After being irritated, Scout said many radical words, such as \”I hope you die tomorrow!\” and was beaten.在此后的沟通中，斯库特对杰克叔叔说：“你确实很好，杰克叔叔，虽然你揍了我，我还是爱你的，可是你太不理解小孩子了。”杰克叔叔双手叉腰， Looking down at her, he said: \”You don\’t need much understanding for your behavior. You are noisy, unruly, and swearing…\” Then, Scout recounted the whole thing and how much Francis said. Bad words. \”He made me so angry that I wanted to punch him on the head…\” After reconstructing the entire fight, Scout asked Uncle Jack a question, \”What is a \’bitch\’?\” Uncle Jack used a story as an example. The answer is about an old Prime Minister: Every day he sits in the House of Representatives and blows feathers in the sky to prevent them from falling, but the people around him are losing their heads. Obviously, Uncle Jack\’s answer had nothing to do with the question. At night, Scout overhears Uncle Jack\’s conversation with her father, Atticus. She heard Uncle Jack say: \”She says all kinds of dirty words, but she doesn\’t even understand half of them – and she asked me what a \’bitch\’ is…\” Atticus asked: \”You Did you tell her?\” \”No. I told her a story about the Prime Minister of Melbourne.\” \”Jack! When a child asks you a question, for God\’s sake, answer him well. Don\’t make up a story. Although children are children, they can detect your avoidance faster than adults, and this avoidance will only confuse them.\” Atticus said thoughtfully, \”Your response this afternoon was correct, but The reason is wrong. Swearing is a stage that every child goes through. As they grow up and learn that it doesn\’t attract attention, they will automatically change their bad habits. But bad tempers will not.\” As their conversation draws to a close, Scout hears Atticus calling her name and telling her to go to bed. Panicked, she couldn\’t understand how Atticus knew she was eavesdropping. She wrote in the book: It took me many years to realize that he actually wanted me to hear every word he said. This is a very touching paragraph for me. Because Scout has an Uncle Jack who is willing to listen to his plea and abide by his agreement. More importantly, she has a father who understands her, believes in her and always wants to protect her. However, in real life, not everyone is so lucky. I remember something a friend said. She said that when her son first entered the first grade, he was completely unadapted to school life. He refused to sit in his seat and was often asked by his parents. In the morning, she had to send her children to the classroom, settle them down, and then leave in trepidation. One day, she sent her children to the classroom, and some of the childrenAlready started morning reading. The person who was reading was a little girl, and there were several other children milling around in the classroom. They seemed to be class cadres, maintaining discipline. Then, I saw a girl grabbing the Chinese book of a boy sitting in the front row and trying to confiscate his book. The little boy clung to the book and refused to let go. Next, several class cadres went up together and helped the girl grab the book. Then the classroom turned into several children running with books, and the little boy was chasing them. During the robbery, the book was torn. So, the little boy cried and yelled, and the morning reading could not continue. During the pushing and shoving process, the little boy was dragged from the front door of the classroom to the back door by several people. The little boy was like crazy and kept shouting, but several class cadres still didn\’t let go. My friend couldn\’t stand it any longer and asked, \”What are you guys doing?\” One of the girls said that he did not study well. But he didn\’t let go. At this time, only one classmate heard that the teacher was coming, and he quickly let go of the little boy\’s hand, and the others also stopped. The little boy was left lying on the ground alone, crying and shouting. The teacher entered the room and without saying a word, picked up the little boy from the ground and carried him to the office. Friends said they were stunned when they saw it. In the past, when teachers complained, she always took it for granted that the child must have made a mistake. She criticized and educated the child for a while, but the child listened silently and rarely explained. Now it seems that things are not that simple. Behind any behavior, there is a reason. Children may curse to express anger. When a child hits someone, he may be verbally stimulated. Children who are distracted in class may be thinking about something. Children may disturb others to attract their attention. If a child makes a lot of small movements, it may be that he cannot concentrate. If a child takes someone else\’s eraser, he may just think that eraser is different. When children pass notes in class, they may just want to ask their classmates to play together, and they don\’t have time to wait until get out of class is over… Children do have various behavioral problems, and at the same time, they also have various confusions in their hearts. So, can adults provide them with a trustworthy environment? Can you give them a chance to explain? Can we give them correct guidance instead of simple punishment? I don\’t want to say, I can\’t. But I want to say that it is difficult. Regarding what my friend said, what I want to ask is: First, the teacher didn’t ask anything, so why did he automatically assume it was the little boy’s fault? Second, even if the little boy does not study well, it is his own business. What right does the class leader have to snatch his books? Third, where did these first-grade children learn this way of handling problems? Fourth, what is the purpose of education? Just to get high marks in the exam for being a cadre on duty because of literacy? Fifth, if the teacher sues the parents and says that the little boy is disrupting discipline, will the little boy have the ability to defend himself? Can parents listen to his explanation? Here, in order to avoid individual people taking it out of context. Let me make it clear first that I am not blaming the teacher. If that little boy has always been \”naughty and doesn\’t study\”, and I, as a class teacher, manage dozens of freshmen, and when I am exhausted, I see a student lying on the ground and yelling, and morning reading cannot be carried out, maybe the same will happen. Do. Without putting yourself in the environment at that time, it is difficult to say \”yes\” or \”no\”. Just, at least, give the child a chance to explain. Behaviors that adults find intolerable, such as \”swearing\” by children, may be just to express anger without knowing what it means. Think about it when we were kids. Have you ever done something that seems unbelievable now? Happy to be understood. Being punished, sad. I am confused about many things, but I can’t find anyone to ask. Even if I reluctantly asked, it would be confusing and difficult to give a satisfactory answer. At least, for me, it is difficult to find answers from parents and teachers. I\’m not talking about the topics in the book. This may be why I fell in love with reading. There are so many troubles, confusions, frustrations, hopes, helplessness, and hesitations in growing up. I find empathy, understanding, recognition, encouragement and support in books. And if this feeling comes from the company of relatives around you, what kind of experience would it be like?