Female reproductive organs include internal genitalia and external genitalia. External genitalia refers to the exposed part of the reproductive organs, also known as the vulva, including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal vestibule, Bartholin glands and hymen. Internal genitalia refers to the visceral part of the reproductive organs, located in the pelvic cavity, including the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
(1) Mons pubis: The mons pubis is a bulge of skin in front of the pubic symphysis in the middle of the abdomen and is shaped like an inverted triangle. The upper edge is bounded by the pubic groove and the abdomen. It is rich in sebaceous glands and sweat glands. The subcutaneous fat is very rich, soft and plump. Pubic hair grows after puberty, and its distribution is also in the shape of an inverted triangle. The upper edge is almost in a straight line and the lower part extends to the labia majora. Pubic hair is thin, soft and curved, but its number, density and distribution type vary greatly among individuals. A few adult women have sparse pubic hair, which is also a normal physiological phenomenon. During sexual intercourse, the mons pubis has the function of a buffer to avoid direct damage to the reproductive organs and body.
(2) Labia majora:The labia majora is a pair of longitudinally raised skin folds, located below the mons pubis and on both sides of the vagina. It contains more fat and is rich in fat. elasticity. The cleft between the two major labia is called a vaginal cleft. The vaginal cleft of an adult virgin is closed, which prevents the labia minora, clitoris, vaginal opening, and urethra from being exposed, and has an obvious protective function. The front ends of the left and right labia majora join together with the mons pubis, which is called the prelabial symphysis. The posterior end ends at the perineum and is called the retrolabial symphysis. The outer surface is dark brown due to pigmentation, rich in sweat glands and sebaceous glands, and also has pubic hair. The inner surface is pale rose color, like mucous membrane, thin and smooth, without pubic hair. During sexual excitement, nulliparous women will obviously open to both sides, while multiparous women will obviously increase the size 2 to 3 times due to blood vessel filling and swelling. The closed labia majora have the function of protecting vaginal cleanliness and preventing the sensitive clitoris from being easily irritated.
(3) Labia minora: The labia minora is a pair of skin folds on the inside of the labia majora. Contains less fat, has a smooth surface, no pubic hair, and is elastic. The front end of the labia minora is under the clitoris, and the left and right sides merge to form the clitoral frenulum, which is continuous with the foreskin surrounding the clitoris. The posterior end of the labia minora is connected to the posterior symphysis of the labia majora. During sexual intercourse, the labia minora serve to guide the penis into the vagina. During sexual excitement, the labia minora become congested and enlarged, which can increase the effective length of the vagina by at least 1 cm and increase sensitivity.
(4) Clitoris:The clitoris is equivalent to the male penis. It is the female sex receptor and sensor. It is located at the anterior meeting point of the labia majora and has rich sensation.sensory nerve endings. The clitoris is composed of two erectile spongy bodies, wrapped by a fibrous membrane. It is about 4 cm long, cylindrical, and divided into two parts: the body and the head. The clitoris is rich in sensory nerve endings, making it very sensitive to touch. During sexual intercourse, the muscles of the perineum contract, causing the clitoris to retract and move away from the vagina. The penis does not directly contact the clitoris, but is in contact with the labia minora through the foreskin of the penis. When the penis twitches in the vagina, it stimulates the clitoris by pulling the labia minora.
(5) Vaginal vestibule: The vaginal vestibule is located in the cleft between the labia minora on both sides. There is an external urethral opening at the front. It is narrow at both ends and wider in the middle. The opening of the vagina is located behind and below the clitoris. There are openings for the Bartholin glands on both sides of the vaginal opening.
(6) Bartholin glands: The Bartholin glands are a pair of glands located on the inner and lower side of the labia minora. They are shaped like a pea, and their ducts open on the inner side of the labia minora and In the groove between the hymen. When sexually excited, a small amount of liquid can be secreted to lubricate the vaginal opening, which is closely related to the success and pleasure of sexual intercourse. In inflammation, the Bartholin glands become significantly enlarged.
(7) Hymen:The hymen is located at the boundary between the vagina and the vaginal vestibule. It is a membrane with a hole in the middle. The hymen has no special physiological function. Its shape, size and membrane thickness vary from person to person. It is generally half-moon or ring-shaped and about 2 mm thick. Usually during first intercourse, the hymen ruptures, with mild pain and a little bleeding. But the hymen is not entirely a sign of virginity or chastity, because factors such as strenuous exercise can also cause the hymen to rupture, and some women are born without a hymen.
(8) Perineum: The middle part of the vagina and anus is called the perineum.
(9) Vagina: The vagina is an elastic, flexible, hollow muscular tube, about 6 to 8 cm long. The entire tube slopes backward and upward, with the lower end opening at The upper end of the vaginal vestibule is connected to the periphery of the cervix. The vaginal wall is composed of mucosa, muscle layer and adventitia. It is the female\’s mating organ, the channel through which menstrual blood is discharged, and the birth canal through which the fetus is delivered. Normally, the vaginal wall is close to each other and can contract or expand. When contracting, fingers cannot be inserted, but when expanding, it can accommodate the fetus coming out of it. This shows that the elasticity and stretchability of the vagina are quite amazing. As we age, the vaginal wall will gradually become thinner, with fewer wrinkles and less elasticity.
(10) Ovary:The ovary is oval, gray-white, about 4 cm long, 2 cm wide, and 1 cm thick, one on the left and one on the left. It is located in the pelvic cavity of the uterus. both sides. One end is connected to the uterus by the ovarian ligament. The other end is near the opening of the fallopian tube. The surface of the ovary is a layer of cuboidal or flat epithelium, called the reproductive epithelium, and the dense tissue beneath the epithelium is called the tunica albuginea. The ovary is an organ that produces eggs and secretes female hormones, and is of great significance to female reproduction.
(11) Uterus: Shaped like a flat, upside-down pear, it is a hollow organ that is the source of menstrual blood and the place where the fetus is conceived. The endometrium is affected by ovarian hormones, undergoes cyclic changes, and sheds to form menstruation. The two corners of the fundus of the uterus are connected to the fallopian tube, and the lower part protrudes into the vagina as the cervix, leading to the vagina, from where sperm enters the female internal genitalia.
(12) Fallopian tube:The fallopian tube is a pair of slender, hollow, curved tubes mainly made of smooth muscle. Its task is to transport eggs. It is 10 to 12 centimeters long. The end of the tube opens in the peritoneal cavity. The free edge of the opening has many finger-like protrusions, called the fallopian tube fimbria, which cover the surface of the ovary and can capture the eggs discharged by the ovary. The peristalsis of the fallopian tube and the movement of the cilia on the tube wall move the egg toward the uterus. The thinner part of the fallopian tube near the uterus is called the isthmus, and the outer expanded part is called the ampulla. The egg and sperm combine in the ampulla to become a fertilized egg. The wall of the fallopian tube is composed of three layers: mucosa, muscularis and adventitia. The mucosal epithelium is a single layer of columnar ciliated epithelium. The cilia have a swinging effect, which helps the fertilized egg enter the uterine cavity and implant in the endometrium.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading and is excerpted from \”The Clear \”Conception\” Plan\” Author: Sun Jianqiu and Xie Yingbiao