1. Estimation of surgical risks Surgery is not only a treatment measure, but also a traumatic process. Therefore, anesthesia risks should be fully assessed before surgery to ensure surgical safety.
2. Psychological preparation Almost all expectant mothers and family members will have obvious psychological changes before surgery. This is because obstetric surgery often causes sudden onset of maternal illness, severe pain, and many complications, which can cause patients to have a strong sense of life and death, fear, and uneasiness.
According to the survey, 60% of patients have doubts about surgery before surgery; more than 50% are very afraid of surgery; 31% to 38% are worried that surgery will damage their health or life; 17% are afraid of anesthesia; vomiting is unbearable.
The most common psychological reaction of expectant mothers before surgery is fear and anxiety. As the surgical period approaches, mild preoperative anxiety reflects the normal psychological adaptability of expectant mothers, while severe anxiety is detrimental to surgery and prognosis. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding, correct guidance and timely correction of these abnormal psychological changes can help relieve the anxiety of expectant mothers and enhance their confidence to welcome their new life normally.
3. Physical preparation Good preoperative preparation is an important condition to improve the expectant mother\’s tolerance for surgery and reduce postoperative complications. Physical preparation mainly includes: 1. Correct anemia and bleeding tendency; 2. Maintain water, electrolyte and acid-base balance; 3. Improve nutritional status and hypoalbuminemia; 4. Actively deal with complications.
Preoperative examination A series of examinations are required before surgery, including body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, past medical history, current physical examination results, blood type, liver function, HIV virus, hepatitis C, syphilis, etc., to determine the health status of the pregnant woman and fetus. . The length of hospital stay for preparation for caesarean section is determined by the doctor based on the condition of the fetus. According to the agreed time, the patient should be hospitalized the day before the operation to undergo pre-operative preparations. Measure vital signs and listen to fetal heart rate before surgery. The normal fetal heart rate is 120-160 beats/minute.
4. The most serious complications of preoperative fasting and anesthesia are vomiting and reflux, which can cause gastric contents to be inhaled into the trachea, causing mechanical airway obstruction and leading to patient death. Therefore, it is very important for expectant mothers preparing for cesarean section to fast before surgery. Usually, expectant mothers need to stop eating, drinking, and drinking 4 hours before surgery to prevent accidents during the surgery.
Have a light dinner the night before surgery, and do not eat after 12:00 midnight to ensure intestinal cleanliness and reduce intraoperative infection.
5. Development of surgical plan The design of surgical plan is an important part of preoperative preparation. The surgical plan includes: operation time, anesthesia method, incision selection and surgical method.