The ovary is a gonad organ. During the reproductive age, the ovary is 2.5 to 5.0 cm long, 1.5 to 3.0 cm wide, and 0.6 to 1.5 cm thick. Normally, the ovaries are located in the ovarian fossa. The main functions of the ovaries are to produce and expel egg cells and to secrete steroid hormones. Ifovarian hypoplasia, dysfunction or tumors occur, it will affect human development, health and fertility.
(1) Gonadal agenesis:Gonad agenesis, including simple gonads Hypoplasia without short stature, mixed gonadal agenesis, and Turner syndrome. ① For those with simple gonadal agenesis, there is no chromosomal abnormality, and the karyotype can be 46,XX or 46,XY. The clinical manifestations of XY simple gonadal agenesis are: primary amenorrhea; internal and external genitalia are female with poor development; less pubic and armpit hair; breast underdevelopment; body, hands and feet develop like a male; lack of typical clinical symptoms of Turner syndrome . This disease makes it impossible to have children. The clinical manifestations of XX simple gonadal agenesis, also known as true ovarian agenesis, are: ovarian underdevelopment, female genital hypoplasia, no deformity, poor development of female secondary sexual characteristics, and no short stature or characteristics of Turner syndrome. ②Turner syndrome: primary amenorrhea, uterine underdevelopment or dysplasia, breast underdevelopment, and sparse or absent pubic and axillary hair. They are short in stature and rarely exceed 150 cm in height in adulthood. More than half of the necks have loose skin, from the mastoid area behind the ears to the acromion, and 50% have webbed necks. Textured chest, low posterior hairline, and elbow valgus. The nipples are located outside the mid-clavicle line, the nipples on both sides are far apart, and the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones are shorter. Aortic stenosis and urinary system abnormalities are often complicated. It is reported that approximately 1 in 2,500 female infants suffer from this disease. This disease has no reproductive function.
(2) True hermaphroditism: External genitalia can be male, female or mixed , but the male form is more common, accounting for about 2/3. During the neonatal period, children are mostly raised as boys, and cryptorchidism and hypospadias are common. Those with female-shaped external genitalia are often accompanied by clitoral hypertrophy. The breasts develop after puberty, but the face may have male signs. Most have a uterus, but most are underdeveloped or accompanied by malformations. More than half have menstruation or cyclic hematuria. Examination of the gonads shows that there are two sets of male and female gonads, but they are not developed.Complete.
(3) Testicular feminization syndrome: Appearance is female phenotype, external genitalia are female He is tall, with long arms and huge hands and feet. Secondary sexual characteristics appear after puberty, breast development, pubic hair and axillary hair are sparse or absent, the uterus and fallopian tubes are not formed, the labia minora are poorly developed, the vagina is short, the upper part is the end, and the gonads are often in the groin or in the abdominal cavity, sometimes Can be lowered to the labia majora. The appearance of the testicles is still normal, but after puberty, it is no longer mature and appears childish. Absolutely infertile.
(4)47, XXX syndrome: 70% of patients with this syndrome are physically developed and female Secondary sexual characteristics and menstrual cycles are normal. There are still a few reports of pregnancy and childbirth. The chromosomes, appearance and intelligence of the children born are normal. Another 30% of patients have more serious sexual disorders, including amenorrhea and infertility.
(5) Ovaritis: Non-specific inflammation of the ovary. There are acute ovarianitis and chronic ovarianitis. The former is far less common than the latter, and ovarianitis is often included in pelvic inflammatory disease. Therefore, the following clinical signs and symptoms are often present: acute cases may have fever, abdominal pain, dull pain, and no symptoms. Radiation to the lumbosacral region, pain in the lumbosacral region, and anal distension, etc.; in chronic cases, the symptoms are included in chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, such as lumbosacral discomfort and pain, anal distension, anorexia, general fatigue, poor energy, and menstrual changes. , mostly due to increased menstrual flow, or even masses in the lower abdomen.
(6) Ovarian tumors: The ovary is the place where eggs develop, mature, and are excreted. Follicles at different stages are located in the ovarian cortex. If the ovary is damaged, it will cause obstacles to egg development, maturation, and discharge, leading to infertility. Ovarian tumors can be divided into non-solid tumors, solid tumors, benign tumors and malignant tumors. Ovarian malignant tumors mainly cause the destruction of the ovary, lymphatic metastasis of the tumor, leading to malignant lesions, and finally death. Therefore, the main issue is to prolong the patient\’s life, rather than considering the patient\’s fertility issues.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading and is excerpted from \”The Clear \”Conception\” Plan\” Author: Sun Jianqiu and Xie Yingbiao