Hyperthyroidism is more common in women, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:4 to 6. It is most common between the ages of 20 and 40. Its typical clinical manifestations include hypermetabolism, goiter and eye disease, but the clinical manifestations and severity of the disease vary greatly among different patients.
Excessive secretion of T3 and T4 can accelerate the oxidation of human tissues, causing a series of metabolic disorders of calcium, zinc, iodine and vitamins in glycoproteins, fats, water, and dielectrics, causing the human body to include Changes in the function of various organs, including the reproductive system. In the reproductive system, there may be: loss of sexual desire, erectile dysfunction and occasionally gynecomastia, causing increased levels of prolactin and estrogen, decreased male reproductive ability, and may cause infertility in some patients.
Due to hypermetabolism, patients may experience heat intolerance, excessive sweating, and warm and moist skin; nervous system manifestations: Excited, nervous, irritable, talkative and active, insomnia, inability to concentrate, anxiety and irritability; cardiovascular system may appear: palpitations, shortness of breath, arrhythmia, increased pulse pressure, heart enlargement over time, and even heart disease. Hyperthyroidism causes heart disease, leading to heart failure; the digestive system manifests as: hyperappetite, easy hunger, increased food intake, increased bowel movement, which is indigestive diarrhea; the eyeballs may manifest as: infiltrative or non-infiltrative protrusions Eyes; the thyroid gland can be diffusely symmetrically enlarged and soft in varying degrees, moving up and down with swallowing; Main manifestations in the male reproductive system Caused by: loss of sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, and occasionally gynecomastia, which can cause infertility in some patients.
Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disease caused by insufficient synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone or insufficient biological effects due to various reasons. It can be divided into 3 types according to the age of onset: ① Dumb type, the functional decline begins in fetuses or newborns; ② Juvenile type, the functional decline begins in children before sexual development; ③ Adult type, when the functional decline is severe, it is called myxedema.
Cause:
① Thyroid (primary): thyroid itself due to inflammation, radiationInsufficient secretion of thyroid hormone due to reasons such as treatment, resection, drugs or genetics.
②Pituitary (secondary): caused by reduced TSH secretion due to pituitary disease. Common causes are pituitary tumors, surgery, radiotherapy, etc.
③Hypothalamic: Caused by hypothalamic tumors, granulomas or other causes that reduce thyrotropin-releasing hormone and reduce pituitary thyrotropin secretion.
④ Receptor type: hereditary or acquired receptor deficiency or lack of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine receptor binding disorder, so triiodothyronine , Tetraiodothyronine is normal but has no biological effect.
Clinical manifestations: Hypothyroidism can cause functional decline or disorder of multiple organs throughout the body. Due to metabolic disorders, patients may experience chills, weakness, indifferent expression, and unresponsiveness; pale or sallow complexion, breast swelling; cool, less sweaty, thick, and inelastic skin; sparse, brittle, and falling hair; swollen, droopy eyelids, Narrow eye fissures; thickened nose and lips; enlarged tongue and unclear pronunciation; mental retardation, inattention, poor memory; palpitations, shortness of breath, heart enlargement, bradycardia; non-pitting edema of the lower limbs, sometimes accompanied by pericardial effusion , pleural effusion; loss of appetite, reduced gastric acid secretion, weak intestinal motility, and often stubborn constipation.
In the male reproductive system, it mainly manifests as varying degrees of sexual dysfunction, such as loss of sexual desire and erectile dysfunction. The reduction of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine can lead to testosterone synthesis. Reduced, sperm production is inhibited and oligozoospermia occurs, and those with prolonged illness may lose their fertility.
This article is provided by Baidu Reading and is excerpted from \”The Clear \”Conception\” Plan\” Author: Sun Jianqiu and Xie Yingbiao